Exam 2 (Reconstructive Memory) Flashcards
What did the classic studies by Bartlett (1932) find?
- omissions
- additions
- transformations - replaces familiar things “fishing” and “seal hunting”
May appear in a different order
What is a schema?
memories are shaped by an active organization based on past experience - guides encoding of new information and retrieval of stored information
ex. using your knowledge about how restaurants work to describe someone else’s sequence of events they experienced in a restaurant
What is a script?
a type of schema consisting of the knowledge of the typical ordered sequence of events/actions in a particular situation
ex. face schema - can forget what their ears and eyebrows look like, but you know they have both
What is linguistic memory?
We remain the “gist” (meaning) rather than verbatim (surface structure)
What is semantic integration
Linguistic memory
we take info from multiple sentences and ‘store’ it in abstract form - we combine sentences we’re supposed to memorize and remember separately
What is misleading post-event information (MPI)
can distort and transform memories
-e.g. (mis)leading questions “how fast were the cars going when they __ into each other”
What are source-monitoring confusions
a memory derived from 1 source may be misattributed to another; includes information before or after a remembered event
- ex. convenience store robbery, lineup of potential criminals included store clerk, store clerk picked as robber
What is the best-match criterion?
e. g. picking a person in a line-up who most resembles your memory of culprit
ex. 60 Minutes video
True or false:
confidence is a poor index of accuracy
true
positive but low correlation
What is the weapon-focus effect?
in armed robbery, your focus is on the weapon rather than the person holding it, therefore they are worse at identifying the person
What is false memory syndrome?
problem is a reaction to a repressed traumatic past event (usually childhood sexual abuse) and development of pseudomemories of childhood trauma
How can false memories be induced?
- suggestion
- dream interpretation
- dreams mistaken for events
- imagination-inflation
- memory shifts due to knowledge
What is an example of how suggestion lead to a false memory?
False memory
ex. Chris’s older brother asked him if he remembers getting lost at the mall age 5 (Chris did not get lost). At first Chris could vaguely recall it, then after several weeks he had an elaborate story
What is imagination-inflation?
merely imagining events
- getting people to imagine it makes people more likely to believe it actually happened
What are memory shifts due to knowledge?
e. g. of environmental invariants like momentum or gravity
- if you are watching a car drive then close your eyes, you know the car has to be farther away before you open your eyes again
