Exam 2 (Improving Memory) Flashcards
What is consolidation?
converting temporary memories (STM) to LTM
What are types of mnemonics?
- Method of Loci
- Peg Word system
- First letter technique (acrostics)
- chunking
- rhyming/keyword
What is the method of loci?
3 steps
- identify sequence of familiar places
- create images of to-be-recalled items associated with places
- recall by “revisiting” places
What are peg word systems?
pairs of rhyming words form “pegs” for to-be-remembered items
T/F
Those who used peg-word system and interactive imagery remembered much better than isolated images or verbal rehearsal
True
What is dual encoding?
using 2 modalities to remember
- visual + motor (enactment effect) “tear the paper”
- visual + verbal
- varying study environments
What are methods of consolidation?
- mnemonics
- dual encoding
- comprehension
- minimize interference
- use distributed practice
- self-tests
What is the testing-effect?
when you are asked something and receive feedback, it sticks in your memory
What is a reliable technique of improving retrieval?
context reinstatement
- ex. walking out of a room, forget what you needed to do, walk back in room to remember it
What are 3 techniques to improve retrieval?
- context reinstatement
- hypnosis
- avoid bizzare/unusual hiding places
What is prospective memory?
remembering to do things in the future; memory for intentions
What are the types of prospective memory (2)?
- time-based “when it is 3:05 raise your hand”
- event-based “buy milk on the way home”
Prospective memory ability is correlated with ___ memory ability
episodic
What can failures of proactive memory be caused by?
- departures from customary actions (trying to remember to get milk but parking in a different parking lot in the morning
- being distracted
- time pressure
What is the aging paradox?
older adults often are more impaired in the lab but perform significantly better than young adults on time-based tasks in naturalistic settings
- habit, consistent schedules
