Exam #2 pt.2 Flashcards
Restoring Confidence
Two days after taking office issued “Bank Holiday” closing all banks for four days to give Congress time to discuss reforms
Section 7(a) National Labor Relations Act (wagner)
(NRA) resolve conflict between owner and employer by collective bargaining.
Civilian Conservation Corp
(CCC)This targeted young people from 18-25. It provided employment to young men who could not find jobs in the cities
Work Progress Administration
(WPA) built most schools in 1933. To provide work for the many unemployed in the Great Depression
Federal Depositor insurance corporation
(FDIC) guarantees deposits of 2500
Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) Provides security of the stock market. Regulated the stock market
Social Security
partial retirement fund
Tennessee Vally Authority
would generate and sell electricity at a reasonable rate. a system of dams to create electricity
Deflation
Is when prices sink
20th amendment
Change in inauguration date (starts in Jan. instead of Nov.)
21st Amendment
repealed the 18th Amendment and prohibition of alcohol
22th Amendment
presidents could only be in office 2 TERMS
Three causes of the great depression
- Agricultural Weakness- New tech for larger more intensive farming. Increase in food drop in prices.
- Maldistrubution of Income- Large disparity between rich and poor. A lot of money was being produced and not spent, people were saving it.
- Risky Investment Practices- Borrowing on the margin. Buying stock with other stock.
How did Americans’ attitudes about the role of government change as a result of the Great Depression and Roosevelt’s New Deal?
People became more accepting of the federal government’s role in economic policy
Identify and describe the Allied strategy to winning the war in the Pacific.
Island hopping: move from island to island as they get closer and closer to Japan, and eventually move to Japan. Taught Americans the determination, death, and destruction it would take to invade Japan. Island by island they won territory back from the Japanese
War Production During WWII
Unemployment went down because people were working to create materials needed for the war. all people were hired. Worker income rose. Limits were placed on consumer goods. War bonds were sold, which were buying US treasury bond to support the government. Taxes were increased.
What were the 4 main causes of the Great Depression and how did the stock market crash revealed the weaknesses in the economic system
- over production and under consumption
- corporate debt/Banks
- stock market speculations, no long term investments, careless loand by banks…
- international debt (unpaid IWW debt)
the crash showed the weakness in the economy by evidencing ( hsowing) the long time weakness in the Agricultural economy and other industries, and it also showed the weakness in the the unequal wealth distribution
How did the Great Depression affect different socio-economic and racial groups in American society?
African Americans and farmers especially were hit hard by the Great Depression. The farmers were experiencing hard times because of the Dust Bowl. African Americans felt the devastating effects of racism during this time, because while white people were receiving help, African Americans were still victims of Jim Crow laws.
Depression Values
- People tried to recommit themselves to goals they had in the 20’s
- People blamed themselves for the depression
- looked to the gov. for change
Why did movies and radio become so popular after WWI?
They became tools to speak to many at once and to spread messages, good and bad, quickly. Also they became an escape for people.
Hoover’s policies including the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
it helped finance only those public works projects that promised ultimately to pay for themselves(toll bridges, public housing, and others).
Bonus March
Thousands of veterans marched on the capital and demanded their bonuses they were promised from service in WWI. Stayed at the capital for 2 months. During the Great Depression. The government responded with force, and forced the campers out of the camp, then burned it. It was significant because it was a denial of the right to the money the marchers deserved, and it was an intervention into a protest by the military.
The Hundred Days
relief
recovery
reform
AAA
-Agriculture Adjustment Act -
reducing crop production to end agricultural surpluses and halt the downward spiral of farm prices (help bring about a rise in prices for farm commodities)
NIRA
Became NRA; administered fair codes of business practices(set min wages and ma hrs.) wanted to spread employment around the world
NRA
National Recovery Administration
helped set standards for production, prices, and wages
Responses to the New Deal: Huey Long, Father Charles Coughlin, and Dr. Francis Townsend?
Long: attacked rich
Responses to the New Deal: Huey Long, Father Charles Coughlin, and Dr. Francis Townsend?
Coughlin: wanted heavy taxes on wealthy and nationalization of banking system
Responses to the New Deal: Huey Long, Father Charles Coughlin, and Dr. Francis Townsend?
Dr. Townsend: proposed the federal gov pay citizens over age 60 a pension of $200 a month
Social Security Act of 1935
Created the Social Security program and a national assistance program for poor children
John Maynard Keynes and deficit spending
Argued that demand could only be increased by putting people back to work constructing highways and public buildings, even if governments had to go into debt to pay for these works, a concept known as deficit spending
supreme court packing fight
fdr tries to get new justices in place who support him
idea of the broker state
Broker state: mediating role of the gov. to workout competing interest groups
idea of the welfare state
Welfare state: gov. system which provides a range of human services for its citizens
impact of the new deal on women, black, and indian americans
Black: gained little rights, segregation in CCC, got paid less than whites throughout the NRA codes
Indians: restored independent management of land
Women: few programs adcnaced women’s rights;women should not work during tough times especially if their husband had a job (Francis Perkins-1st female cabinet member)
impact of the new deal on american politics
- it turned the attention of many voters away from some of the cultural issues that had preoccupied them in 1920s which awakened them to an interest in economic matters
- american ppl greatly increased expectation of gov.
impact of the new deal on the american economy
West: benefitted from the new deal the most; land needed $ for improvement (dams)
South: also benefitted TVA provided electricity for many in the south
Gov. increased its power & role in the fed. gov. large employer for the american ppl
Economic crisis
inflation, debt, and the trade deficit with Great Britain
- taxes
- more debt, more tax
america’s returen to isolationism, the good neighbor policy and the neutrality acts
GNP: improved relations w/ latin america;less of a focus on military force
I: fear in Europe no one wants to fight in another World War.
N: US couldn’t sell weapons to warring belligerent countries; US could not provide loans to belligerent nations; US citizens couldn’t travel on ships from warring nations
munch conference outcome for peace: appeasement
- Germany invaded areas of Czechoslovakia;many countries were fearful of another world war
- At munch, France &Britian allowed hitler to have parts of Czechoslovakia
- Prime Minister Chanberlain stated it would provide “peace in our time”-Hitler violated the agreement w/in 6months
policy of neutrality and reasons for intervention
Neutrality: designed to help france & Britain
- US can sell weapons to democracies via “cash & carry”
- interventionist wanted to aid France and Britain
reasons for japanese bombing of pearl harbor
the need of new sources of fuel
describe the conflict in the pacific
the US turned back the japanese offensive through a series of difficult naval and land battles
the atomic bomb end the war
describe the conflict in Europe
they wanted to exterminate the jews in europe
The Holocaust
6mil died US knew and did nothing
-St Louis passengership came w/1000 jews to the US but US didn’t let them in
impact of the war on the economy, science, technology and production
Economy:(federal spending increased drastically); shortage of consumer goods=increased savings
-15mil men &women were part of forces (incased head for labor)
Technology: car assembly lines turned into military assembly lines
-radar &sonar improved dramatically
impact of the war upon role of women and racial minorities
more opportunities/ jobs and equality
the internment japanese americans and japanese nationals
FDR issued an executive order to have ALL jap. americans forcibly relocated to relocation camps
Korematsu stood up and went to the camp as well
defeat of japan and the atomic bomb: Leyte Gulf, Okinawa, Manhattan Project, Hiroshima and Nagasaki
d-day:invasion at normandy, france
Manhattan project: (oppenheimer)
-the US developed nuclear weapons
Hiroshima & Nagasaki- US dropped 2 atomic bombs
The Collapse of the European Peace
After June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serb.Eur divided into alliances- “Triple Entente” of GB, France, Russia & “Triple Alliance” of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Wilson’s Neutrality
1914 Wilson urged neutrality. Strong US-GB economic ties + blockade of Central Powers led US to continue trade w/ GB , shun trade w/ Central nations. Germany began using submarine warfare. 1915 sinking of Lusitania and 1916 Sussex sinking led Wilson to call on Germans to recognize rights of neutrals. US entrance into war
Preparedness vs Pacifism
Wilson did not intervene for either side b/c of re-election + domestic division
A War for Democracy
April 1917 US officially declared war on side of Allies
The American Expeditionary Force
April 1917 Wilson urged passage of Selective Service Act to draft soldiers into American Expeditionary Force
The New Technology of Warfare
New military weapons + tactics more deadly (tanks, machine guns, trenches, chemical weapons). Rise of planes, dreadnought battleships, submarines
Economic and Social Results of the War
Economic boom during period from Europe demand, later US need. Industrial production expanded, opportunities for female + minorities b/c of men at war
Selling the War and Suppressing Dissent
Espionage Act of 1917 gave govt power to punish spies and obstructers of war effort, respond to reports of disloyalty. Sabotage Act and Sedition Act of 1918 made any public expression of opposition illegal- targeted socialist groups. Repressive efforts targeted socialists and labor leaders, but also largely immigrants (Germans, Irish, Jews)- “Loyalist” Americans called for “100 Percent Americanism”. German Americans faced fierce discrimination
The Paris Peace Conference
Big Four nations to negotiate treaty were GB, France, Italy, US. Wilson initially rejected reparations from Central Powers, but Allies forced him to accept idea in order to keep Germany weak + unable to threaten Europe
