Chapter 20 Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of Progressives?
Progressives varied on how to intervene + reform- popular idea of “antimonopoly” (fear of concentrated power, limit + disperse wealth, power).
Define Muckraker
Muckrakers were crusading journalists who exposed social, economic, political injustices and corruption. it started with oil and then later started writing about politics.
What was the Social Gospel Movement and the emergence of “professionals” in social work
It lead to Protestant Social Gospel- fusion of religion w/ reform. Religion w/ reform gave Progressivism moral component + commitment to redeem lives of even least favored citizens.
The Settlement House Movement
College educated women often involved in settlement house movement; movement helped spawn profession of social work. To help immigrant families adapt to language + culture, belief that middle-class had responsibility to share values w/ immigrants.
The Allure of Expertise
Rise of social sciences- scientific methods used to study society + its institutions.
The Professions
Late 19th century more ppl engaged in administrative + professional tasks (managers, scientists, teachers). This new middle class valued education, individual accomplishments.
Women and the Professions
Some women encountered obstacles in entering professions, but many from women’s colleges did enter “appropriate professions”- settlement houses and social work, teaching, nursing (all had vague “domestic”/“helping” image).
The “New Woman”
The “New Woman” Would stop caring for the kids and get a job wether it was in the office ore factory and send the children to school for an education. Technology also made house work easier .
The Clubwomen
In the Late 19th/early 20th century the women’s clubs helped lead many reform movements. Their jobs were to try to get equal opportunities with men. Women also worked to lobby legislatures for regulation of children + women work conditions, food inspection, temperance
Woman Suffrage
Anna Shaw + Carrie Chapman Catt formed National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). 1920 women got equalities (19th amendment).
New Forms of Governance
Commission Plan- replaced mayor and council replaced w/ nonpartisan commission
Parties and Interest Groups
Reform did not destroy parties but led to decline in their influence- seen by decreasing voter turnout. “Interest groups” emerged from professional organizations or labor to advance own demands directly to govt, not thru party
Labor, the Machine, and Reform
Parties tried to preserve interest by adapting- some bosses allowed their machines to be vehicle of social reform. Also the fire in the triangle building killed many women because bosses had blocked all emergency exits.
African Americans and Reform
1909 joined w/ supportive white progressives to form National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), used federal lawsuits in pursuit of equal rights. In Guinn v. United States (1915) Supreme Court ruled grandfather clause illegal. NAACP established itself as leading black organization
The Temperance Crusade
)Many progressives/ Women saw elimination of alcohol as way to restore societal order many saw alcohol as source of problems for families, employers. Supporters formed Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) led by Frances Willard, together w/ Anti-Saloon League called for abolition of saloons and prohibition of manufacture and sale of alcohol
