Exam #1 Flashcards
Presidential Reconstruction: Wade-Davis Bill
- 50% of a state’s voters pledge allegiance to the Union, and set stronger safeguards for emancipation
- Reflected divisions between Congress and the President, and between radical and moderate Republicans, over the treatment of the defeated South
Presidential Reconstruction: Lincoln’s plan
- White Southerners who pledged loyalty to the government and accepted the elimination of slavery could set up a state government whenever 10 percent of the number of voters took oath.
Presidential Reconstruction: Radical Republicans Plan
- Urged civil and military leaders of confederacy to be punished, larger numbers of Southern whites be disenfranchised, legal rights of former slaves be protected, property of wealthy white Southerners who aided the confederacy be confiscated and distributed among the freedmen.
13th Amendment
Abolished Slavery
14th Amendment
- Citizenship
- Due Process Clause & Equal Protection Clause
15th Amendment
Rights for voting
Black Codes & Jim Crow Laws
- Laws and customs designed to discriminate against African Americans
- Segregation laws
Plessey v ferguson
- ruled that seperate but equal accommodations were acceptable
Impeachment of President Johnson
- Violated Tenure of Office Act (dismissal of cabinet members w/o Senate “OK”)
What is sharecropping?
- In return for use of land & supplies, freedmen promised a share of the crop to the landowner
What is tenant farming?
Planters divide land into small plots that were rented to workers who grew crops
Compromise of 1877
- Electoral standoff in 1876 between Hayes (Republican) and Tilde (Democrat).
- Democrats reluctantly agreed that Hayes might take office if he ended reconstruction in the South.
Enforcement Acts
- Prohibited states from discriminating against voters on the basis of race
- gave Federal government power to supersede the state courts & prosecute violations of law
- Authorized president to use military to protect civil rights & suspend right of Habeas Corpus
Booker T. Washington
- “Spokesman” for African Americans
- Urged others to follow the same road to self-improvement
- Founder/ President of of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
The Atlanta Compromise
- Founded by Booker T. Washington
- For blacks- to not push for equality, but to treat all as equals instead.
- Opposed by William Trotter and W.E.B. DuBois.
Darwinism and social darwinism
- using genetic heredity as an explanation for social success and failure
- encouraged racism
Who is Fredrick Jackson Turner?
- Developed Turner’s Frontier Thesis.
- The end of the “frontier” also marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life.
What was the Homestead Act?
- 1862
- Provided 160 Acres of free land to settlers willing to live on it/ improve it for 5 YEARS
What was the Timber Culture Act?
-Along with the Homestead act, provided a further 160 Acres as long as the settlers planted 40 Acres of trees
What was the Desert Land Act?
-Provided additional land to settlers in return for cultivation and irrigation.
What was the Timber and Stone Act?
-Stimulated settlements in CA, NV, OR, and WA by allowing private citizens to buy inexpensive 160-acre plots “valuable chiefly for timber.”
The cattle industry growth and development
- Railroads allowed cattle to be moved to industrialized areas “Long Drives”
- Increase cattle supply = increase beef demand.
What was the Dawes Act?
- 1887
- Americanized/ Civilized Native Americans.
- Families allotted plot based on size.
explain the growth of the farming industry
- Farmers wages decreased while surplus of crop rose.
- Industrialization in farming: Use of machinery for mass production
What is Social Darwinism?
-Groups become socially dominate because they have had more success rather than their competitors who struggle to survive and therefore are biologically the fittest
What is the Gospel of Wealth?
- Andrew Carnegie
- “Those who have wealth should share it”.
What is the message behind the Horatio Alger books?
- “Rags to riches”
- Success in America
- Self-made man
Differences between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor:
- Knights of Labor allowed all types of workers.
- political.
- Huge demands/ easily replaced.
- AFL allowed only skilled laborers.
- Not political.
- Asked for incremental change/ hard to replace.
Define assimilation in History
-The adaptive utilization of those aspects of the environment that are within the limits of our skills and biological processing capacities
what is american melting pot!
-Different races, cultures, religions, and language mixed together
