Exam #1

Question 1

Presidential Reconstruction: Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 1

• 50% of a state’s voters pledge allegiance to the Union, and set stronger safeguards for emancipation
• Reflected divisions between Congress and the President, and between radical and moderate Republicans, over the treatment of the defeated South

Question 2

Presidential Reconstruction: Lincoln’s plan

Answer 2

• White Southerners who pledged loyalty to the government and accepted the elimination of slavery could set up a state government whenever 10 percent of the number of voters took oath.

Question 3

Presidential Reconstruction: Radical Republicans Plan

Answer 3

• Urged civil and military leaders of confederacy to be punished, larger numbers of Southern whites be disenfranchised, legal rights of former slaves be protected, property of wealthy white Southerners who aided the confederacy be confiscated and distributed among the freedmen.

Question 4

13th Amendment

Answer 4

Abolished Slavery

Question 5

14th Amendment

Answer 5

• Citizenship

- Due Process Clause & Equal Protection Clause

Question 6

15th Amendment

Answer 6

Rights for voting

Question 7

Black Codes & Jim Crow Laws

Answer 7

• Laws and customs designed to discriminate against African Americans
• Segregation laws

Question 8

Plessey v ferguson

Answer 8

• ruled that seperate but equal accommodations were acceptable

Question 9

Impeachment of President Johnson

Answer 9

• Violated Tenure of Office Act (dismissal of cabinet members w/o Senate “OK”)

Question 10

What is sharecropping?

Answer 10

• In return for use of land & supplies, freedmen promised a share of the crop to the landowner

Question 11

What is tenant farming?

Answer 11

Planters divide land into small plots that were rented to workers who grew crops

Question 12

Compromise of 1877

Answer 12

• Electoral standoff in 1876 between Hayes (Republican) and Tilde (Democrat).
• Democrats reluctantly agreed that Hayes might take office if he ended reconstruction in the South.

Question 13

Enforcement Acts

Answer 13

• Prohibited states from discriminating against voters on the basis of race
• gave Federal government power to supersede the state courts & prosecute violations of law
• Authorized president to use military to protect civil rights & suspend right of Habeas Corpus

Question 14

Booker T. Washington

Answer 14

• “Spokesman” for African Americans
• Urged others to follow the same road to self-improvement
• Founder/ President of of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

Question 15

The Atlanta Compromise

Answer 15

• Founded by Booker T. Washington
• For blacks- to not push for equality, but to treat all as equals instead.
• Opposed by William Trotter and W.E.B. DuBois.

Question 16

Darwinism and social darwinism

Answer 16

• using genetic heredity as an explanation for social success and failure
• encouraged racism

Question 17

Who is Fredrick Jackson Turner?

Answer 17

• Developed Turner’s Frontier Thesis.

- The end of the “frontier” also marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life.

Question 18

What was the Homestead Act?

Answer 18

• 1862

- Provided 160 Acres of free land to settlers willing to live on it/ improve it for 5 YEARS

Question 19

What was the Timber Culture Act?

Answer 19

-Along with the Homestead act, provided a further 160 Acres as long as the settlers planted 40 Acres of trees

Question 20

What was the Desert Land Act?

Answer 20

-Provided additional land to settlers in return for cultivation and irrigation.

Question 21

What was the Timber and Stone Act?

Answer 21

-Stimulated settlements in CA, NV, OR, and WA by allowing private citizens to buy inexpensive 160-acre plots “valuable chiefly for timber.”

Question 22

The cattle industry growth and development

Answer 22

• Railroads allowed cattle to be moved to industrialized areas “Long Drives”
• Increase cattle supply = increase beef demand.

Question 23

What was the Dawes Act?

Answer 23

• 1887
• Americanized/ Civilized Native Americans.
• Families allotted plot based on size.

Question 24

explain the growth of the farming industry

Answer 24

• Farmers wages decreased while surplus of crop rose.

- Industrialization in farming: Use of machinery for mass production

Question 25

What is Social Darwinism?

Answer 25

-Groups become socially dominate because they have had more success rather than their competitors who struggle to survive and therefore are biologically the fittest

Question 26

What is the Gospel of Wealth?

Answer 26

• Andrew Carnegie

- “Those who have wealth should share it”.

Question 27

What is the message behind the Horatio Alger books?

Answer 27

• “Rags to riches”
• Success in America
• Self-made man

Question 28

Differences between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor:

Answer 28

• Knights of Labor allowed all types of workers.
• political.
• Huge demands/ easily replaced.
• AFL allowed only skilled laborers.
• Not political.
• Asked for incremental change/ hard to replace.

Question 29

Define assimilation in History

Answer 29

-The adaptive utilization of those aspects of the environment that are within the limits of our skills and biological processing capacities

Question 30

what is american melting pot!

Answer 30

-Different races, cultures, religions, and language mixed together