Exam #2 Flashcards
Sherman Antitrust Act
Made illegal the formation of trusts which interfered with free trade
McKinley Tariff Act of 1890
-The tariff raised imports to almost fifty percent; designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.
-Caused Hawaiin sugar to go up in price and it couldn’t compete with other sugar imports.
Poor famers forced to buy from Americans
Interstate Commerce Act
- Prohibited rebates and pools.
- Requires railroads to publish their rates openly
- Forbade unfair discrimination against shippers
- Outlawed charging more for a short haul than for a long one over the same line.
- Set up ICC.
What were the main goals of the populist party?
- expand money
- government control of RR
- graduated income tax
- calling for the direct election of U.S. Senators (was in the hand of state legislatures)
- trying to appeal to the labor class (calling for better working conditions)
The importance of the election of 1896
- McKinley(R) v Bryan(D)
- Populists die out
Describe the new Manifest Destiny
- Ideology that American values/ superiority needed to be spread throughout the world.
- Arrogance; expansionism, broke isolationism
Alfred T. Mahan: The Influence of Sea Power upon History
Argued that the U.S. needed a strong navy to protect its economic interests and a strong navy needed overseas bases and coaling stations – places for ships to take on fuel.
Made US into naval world power
What is Yellow Journalism?
- Sensationalized news
- Exaggerated reports
What was America’s relationship to the Philippines after the war?
They went from being under control of the Cubans to the control of the US although the US said that they would give them independence
What was America’s relationship to Hawaii, Samoa, and the Southern Hemisphere?
-Needed in order to create coaling stations
Define Muckraker
Journalists who exposed the corruption of business and politics in magazines
-Upton Sinclair: The Jungle
What was the Social Gospel movement?
- Christian principles to social problems
- Aimed to improve lives of the poor
- Sin equaled a personal vice against God and poverty itself was an act of God
characteristics of progressives
- fundamental optimism about human nature
- intervene in peoples lives
- use science to solve problems
- use voluntary means of reform
What were the goals of the suffrage movement?
- Equality for women
- Allow women the rights and privileges of all men
- i.e. voting rights, fair wages, etc.
What were the goals of the NAACP?
-Fought to end segregation and ensure black men could exercise voting rights under the 15th Amendment
Why was Teddy Roosevelt considered the first modern president
-If interests of Americans are involved, then the president has the justification to take any steps to meet their needs, if not forbidden by the Constitution
What was te Square Deal?
-The idea that everyone has a similar, fair, and equal opportunity to take chances and succeed
Open Door Policy in China
allow all foreign nations, including the US, to est trading relations w/China.
Platt Amendment
- Forbad Cuba from making treaties w/any foreign powers
- Require Cube to sell or lease a naval station
- We could invade and intervene militarily in Cuba whenever we saw fit
Why did America go to war for Cuba?
-to help Cuba gain justice and independence
What were America’s objectives in fighting for Cuba?
Cuba grows cane sugar and America invested in sugar
How did the women contribute to the Progressive reform movement and what were their primary objectives?
-women wanted more then to be just a house hold item
-women wanted to be valued more..
right to vote; more equal to men
Describe the decline of the political party
Political Party: organization that seeks to win elections- to elect candidates to office
Describe the the rise of interest groups.
Interest Groups: organization of ppl w/shared goals- to influence public policy
Initiative
-Initiative rights: private citizen can come up with idea to make laws people can decide if it becomes a law; direct vote for state legislature
Referendum
-Referendum: public vote on policy issue-legislature approval; a method for legislature decision to be returned to an electorate
Direct Primary
DirectPrimary: power to the ppl to select candidates(limit black voting in South)
Recall
Recall: power to remove public official from office w/a petition
Why is immigration reform a key issue?
global issue
- population growing faster in the developing world than the developed world (only solution was to limit the flow of new arrivals)
Why was temperance a key issue?
responsible for crime and poverty due to the supply and appetite of alcohol growing rapidly
How did T. Roosevelt define the role of the president?
Presidents:
- represent the american ppl;
- articulate the american ppl but can influence them;
- mobilize the american people
Trace the succession of presidents from Roosevelt to Taft to Wilson and their individual support of reform legislation.
Roosevelt- Consumer protection, Af-Am rights, Biz regulation, and working class. (Meat/Pure foo Acts)
Trace the succession of presidents from Roosevelt to Taft to Wilson and their individual support of reform legislation.
Taft-Working class, 16th Amend.
Trace the succession of presidents from Roosevelt to Taft to Wilson and their individual support of reform legislation.
Wilson-Women’s Rights, Biz reg. and working class. Antitrust Act.
16th Amendment
Personal income tax
17th Amendment
Popular election of U.S. Senators
18th Amendment
Prohibition
prohibits alcohol
19th Amendment
Womens suffrage
Womens right to vote
What were the main points of Wilson’s 14 Points?
self-determination, secret alliances, trade barriers, arms races, violations of freedom of the seas, and the creation of League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
- peace treaty
- required Germany to admit they started the war
- germany and the allied powers
- made 5 years after the assassination
- 1919
What was the Red Scare
-Period in the U.S. history where basic freedoms were threatened by searches for communists in media and government
(1950s-1960s)
Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
- Italians accused of robbery and murder in 1920
- Judge calls them “anarchist bastards of color”
- They are discriminated against because of their heritage…regardless of whether or not they were guilty there are questions about the fairness of the trial
The Harlem Renaissance:
- A rebirth of African- American culture
- W.E.B. Dubois, Duke Ellington, Marcus Garvey, Langston Hughes, Aaron Douglas
- Birth of the NAACP
- Jazz, Modern art, Philosophy, and Political Activism were just a few of the many outlets of the Harlem renaissance
Resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan
- revitalized after 1915 by William J. Simmons
- devoted to 100% Americanism
- Not restricted in the South
- thrived in small towns; midwest especially
What was the New Deal? Who made it?
Franklin Delano Roosevelt idea to end the Great Depression with a bunch new programs
New Deal
Pres. FD Roosevelt’s plan to pull the US out of the Great Depression and avoid a new one by “relief, recovery, and reform”
Name some New Deal programs
Social Security TVA - Tennessee valley authority WPA - Work Progress Administration CCC - Civilian Conservation Corp NIRA - National Industrial Recovery Act FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Why was the New Deal able to succeed
Minority and poor group was large enough to support it
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) 1935
gave workers federal protection in their efforts to form unions and organize for better working conditions, listed unfair practices, created NLRB
What Minorities Benefited and which didn’t
Benefited
- blacks
- navajo
- Women
Didnt Benefit
- Japanese
- Germans
The Truman Doctrine and US Containment Policy
- After World War II, the major political opponent became the Soviet Union. Truman’s goal was to “contain” the Soviet Union within its borders and preventing the spread of communism to Europe
- The Truman Doctrine was a policy set by President Truman in a speech, in which the US would provide European nations economic and military aid to prevent them falling into the Soviet communist
- Signalled the beginning of the Cold War, shifting the attitude toward the Soviet Union form a relaxation of tension to containment
The Great Crash
economic boom, stock prices rose dramatically w/ credit easily available
Progress of Depression
Stock market crash triggered chain of events that further weakened economy over next 3 years
Unemployment and Relief
In rural areas income declined 60%, 1/3 of farmers lost land, massive drought extended thru the “Dust Bowl” starting in 1930 lasting for a decade farm prices so low that many farmers left homes to seek employment
African-Americans and the Depression
Most S blacks were farmers, collapse of cotton + staple crop prices led them to leave land; menial jobs they had held in cities began to be given to whites. which is also known as black shirts.
Mexican Americans in Depression America
When Depression hit many whites forced them from their jobs, relief to Mexicans severely limited + many rounded up to be sent back to Mexico—all highlighted the discrimination of Hispanics that swept region
Asian Americans in Hard Times
frequently lost jobs to whites desperate for employment. Some Japanese sought to form clubs to advance political agendas: Japanese American Democratic Club worked for laws against discrimination; Japanese American Citizens League sought to make immigrants more assimilated
Women and the Workplace in the Great Depression
Women had to give up their jobs to men because men really needed those jobs and the depression also ended the National Woman’s Party
Radio
Almost every family had radio, Most radio programming was entertaining and escapist in nature. it also let them keep up with sports, news and politics. the radio gathered families together.
The Hoover Program
Hoover responded to Depression by trying to restore confidence in economy- tried to gather business into voluntary program of cooperation to aid recovery; by 1931 voluntarism had collapsed b/c of worsening economy and sought to raise taxes 1932 to balance budget
The Election of 1932
Roosevelt one because of popular vote, Roosevelt avoided religion and prohibition, focused on economic grievances of nation
