Chapter 15

Question 1

1. Competing “notions of freedom”

Answer 1

After the war the: North wanted to end slavery and have the south more like the north. South wanted to maintain racial hierarchy and self-governance (autonomy) Freedmen wanted to obtain autonomy and economic/political rights

Question 2

2. The presidential and congressional approaches to reconstruction: including Wade Davis Bill

Answer 2

Wade Davis Bill Plan:
o More than 50% of white males take an “ironclad” oath of allegiance before the state could call a constitutional convention
o Required that the state constitutional convention abolish slavery
o Authorized the president to appoint a provisional governor for each conquered state

Question 3

2. The presidential and congressional approaches to reconstruction: Lincolns Plan

Answer 3

Lincolns Plan:
o He called it the “10 percent plan”
o Confederate states should be reintegrated as quickly as possible
o State could set up government whenever state10% of the voters took the oath

Question 4

2. The presidential and congressional approaches to reconstruction: radical republicans plan

Answer 4

Radical Republic Plan:
o Wanted to destroy political power of former slaveholders wanted AA’s to be given full citizenship and the right to vote
o Wanted more equality for African Americans

Question 5

2. The presidential and congressional approaches to reconstruction: Southern Democrats plans

Answer 5

Southern Democratic Plan:
o Political and economic control and preserve conditions established before the war
o Tried to restrict A.A’s freedom/rights

Question 6

3. Black Codes

Answer 6

Black Codes-
o Designed to give whites substantial control over former slaves and limit the AA freedom
o Forbade blacks to own or lease farms they only were able to have jobs as plantation workers or domestic servants

Question 7

3. Jim Crow laws

Answer 7

Jim Crow Laws-

o A law that requires segregation in public schools and facilities according to race

Question 8

3. Plessey v. Ferguson

Answer 8

Plessey v. Ferguson-

o Plessey v. Ferguson: establishes separate but equal (1896-1964) e.g. Railroad separate for blacks and whites.

Question 9

4. 13th amendment

Answer 9

13th amendment

o Granted freedom to all slaves (abolishment of slavery)

Question 10

4. 14th amendment

Answer 10

14th amendment-

o Gave African Americans citizenship (all people born in the US have citizenship)

Question 11

4. 15th amendment

Answer 11

15th amendment-

o Black males have the right to vote.

Question 12

5. The impeachment of President Johnson

Answer 12

First Pres. to be impeached due to violating the Tenure of office Act: a pres. may not remove someone from office in the term they were elected in). He also fired his secretary of war, Stanton. Later found not guilty by one vote.

Question 13

6. Successes of Reconstruction governments

Answer 13

Success-
o The reunification of the Union: Equality for AA w/ the 13,14,15 amendment
o Black churches have unity and political self-confidence to former slaves
o Improvement in edu. of AA

Question 14

6. Failures of Reconstruction governments

Answer 14

Failures-
o State debts soared dramatically
o Did not guarantee freedmen most elemental rights of citizenship (resulted in economic subordination)

Question 15

7. Tenant farming

Answer 15

Tenant Farming-

o Owned tools, animals, etc., get some crop profit (physical independence from landlords)

Question 16

7. Sharecropping

Answer 16

Share Cropping-

o Owned nothing in return for a share of the crop, owner provides land for worker to harvest

Question 17

8. Strengths and weaknesses of U.S. Grant’s presidency: Credit Mobilier

Answer 17

Credit Mobilier-
o US grant Pres. (-) He accepted the Republican Nomination
o Credit Mobilier (+) helped build the Union Pacific Railroad. (-) Shows how corrupt the administration was

Question 18

8. Strengths and weaknesses of U.S. Grant’s presidency: Greenback Question

Answer 18

Greenback Question-
o (+) Formed a National Greenback Party (kept the money issue alive)
o (-) It failed to gain widespread support after 3 Pres. Elections
o (-) Financial crisis called Panic of 1873 (economic crisis lasted 4 years)

Question 19

8. Strengths and weaknesses of U.S. Grant’s presidency: Hawaii

Answer 19

Hawaii-

o (+) Seward engineered the American annexation of the tiny Midway Islands, west of Hawaii

Question 20

8. Strengths and weaknesses of U.S. Grant’s presidency: Alaska

Answer 20

Alaska-

o (+) Bought from Russia for 7.2million by Seward know as “Seward’s Folly” b/c it was considered a frozen wasteland

Question 21

9. Compromise of 1877

Answer 21

Compromise of 1877-
o C: Promised more southern beliefs in the law, but not slavery
o Election to be decided in congress
o Ends reconstruction
o Hayes becomes Pres. so military would leave the south

Question 22

9. Enforcement Acts

Answer 22

Enforcement Act-
o Definition: laws passed to punish people who tried to keep blacks from voting
o Prohibited the states from discriminating against the voters regarding race
o Significance: allowed more black voters and tried to stop the KKK.

Question 23

10. The New South: Railroads

Answer 23

Rail Road in the new South-
o Trackage in south more than doubled
o Changed gauge of trackage to correspond with North’s 1886

Question 24

10. The New South: Industry

Answer 24

Industry In the New South-
o Textile manufacturing
o Tobacco-pressing
o Iron and steel

Question 25

10. The New South: Agriculture

Answer 25

Agriculture in the New South-
o System was flawed as land abuse and the need for cash crop to repay credit supply high and profit low
o Reliance on few cash crops rather than on a diversified agricultural system
o Increasing absentee ownership of valuable farmlands

Question 26

11. Booker T. Washington

Answer 26

Booker T. Washington-
o He urged AA to do Self-Improvement by: .. Attended school, learn skills, refine their speech, improve their dress, and adopt habits of thrift and personal cleaniness (adopt the standards of the white middle class)

Question 27

11. Atlanta Compromise

Answer 27

The Atlanta Compromise-

o Speech in Atlanta in which described that AA should Not fight for political rights, but focus on SELF-IMPROVMENT

Question 28

11. Social Darwinism

Answer 28

Social Darwinism-
o Theory that argued that individual who failed did so because of their own weakness and “unfitness”
o * Survival of the Fittest*

Question 29

12. Forces for disenfranchisement and origins of segregation

Answer 29

Southern states tried finding ways to evade the right to vote for AA in 2 ways:
o 1) Poll taxes/property qualifications (only a few AA meet those requirements)
o 2) Literacy or understanding test (required voters to read and interpret the constitution)