Exam 2 Practice Questions - Ch 11 Flashcards
The researcher understands that exploratory analysis is used for all except which of the following?
A - Become familiar with the data
B - Examine measures of central tendency and dispersion for each variable
C - Identify outliers
D - Generalize to a larger population
D - Generalize to a larger population
Using decision theory, if the level of significance was set at 0.05, which of the following probability levels from statistical analyses would indicate the greatest significant difference? A - 0.04 B - 0.01 C - 0.001 D - None of the above
D - None of the above
Which of the following leads to a type I error?
A - When data are not measured at the interval level
B - When results are not significant
C - When results indicate a significant difference when there is no difference
D - When wrong statistical procedures are used
C - When results indicate a significant difference when there is no difference
Which of the following best explains power?
A - It is the amount of variance allowed in the measured scores.
B - It is the capacity of the computer to run complex statistical analyses.
C - It is the degree to which the null hypothesis is false.
D - It is the probability that a statistical test will detect a significant difference that exists.
D - It is the probability that a statistical test will detect a significant difference that exists.
Which of the following is not a descriptive statistic? A - Correlational analysis B - Frequency distribution C - Mean D - Standard deviation
A - Correlational analysis
For what purpose is the t-test used?
A - To describe relationships between two variables
B - To examine differences among three or more groups
C - To test for a significant difference between the means of two samples
D - To test the power of a statistical procedure
C - To test for a significant difference between the means of two samples
The most common purpose of a Pearson’s correlation is to examine which of the following? A - Differences between groups B - Differences between variables C - Relationships among groups D - Relationships among variables
D - Relationships among variables
Which of the following is not a characteristic of ANOVA?
A - Can be used only with two groups
B - Often requires post hoc tests to identify locations of differences
C - Tests for differences between means
D - F statistic used to report results
A - Can be used only with two groups
To judge statistical suitability while critiquing a study, the nurse researcher needs to know all except which of the following?
A - Level of measurement
B - Number of groups
C - Reliability of the measures
D - Whether the groups are dependent or independent
C - Reliability of the measures
Types of results from inferential statistical analyses include all except which of the following? A - Findings B - Not significant C - Significant D - Unpredicted
A - Findings
For what reason is it important to describe the sample?
A - Allow readers to determine if the sample is similar to persons in their clinical setting
B - Determine if groups being compared are equivalent
C - Determine if the sample is representative of the target population
D - All the above
D - All the above
A researcher wanted to study the elements or variables associated with fear. Which of the following would be an appropriate statistical measure? A - Chi-square B - Factor analysis C - Pearson’s r D - t-test
B - Factor analysis
When interpreting research outcomes, the type of results that agree with those predicted by the researcher and support the logical links developed by the researcher among the framework, purpose, study questions, hypotheses, variables, and measurement tools is known as? A - Nonsignificant results B - Significant and unpredicted results C - Unexpected results D - Significant results
D - Significant results
Which of the following is related to inference?
A - Conclusion or judgment based on evidence
B - Logical movement from a general truth to a specific instance
C - Researcher’s guess about the outcomes of the study
D - Theoretical application of study findings
A - Conclusion or judgment based on evidence
Which of the following does the normal curve indicate?
A - Distribution of the values of a single sample
B - Illustration of scores from several samples
C - Real distribution of the values of a population
D - Theoretical frequency distribution of all possible values in a population
D - Theoretical frequency distribution of all possible values in a population
Which of the following describes the tails of the normal curve?
A - They are defined by the level of significance selected by the researcher.
B - They are representative samples that may not belong to the same population.
C - They are the extreme statistical values on the peripheral ends of the normal curve.
D - All the above
D - All the above
Which of the following is true of a one-tailed test of significance?
A - Increases the risk of a type II error
B - Indicates that extreme scores on only one tail are considered significant
C - Is referred to as no directional
D - Is weaker than two-tailed tests
B - Indicates that extreme scores on only one tail are considered significant
In any study in which the data are numerical, data analysis begins with which of the following? A - Correlational statistics B - Descriptive statistics C - Hypothesis-testing statistics D - Predictive statistics
B - Descriptive statistics
What do measures of dispersion indicate?
A - Differences among samples
B - Homogeneity, which indicates wider dispersion
C - Individual differences of the members of the sample
D - The central tendency of the sample
C - Individual differences of the members of the sample
Which of the following describes the purpose of the Chi-square test of independence?
A - Determines whether two variables are independent or related
B - Has a high risk of a type II error
C - Is a very weak statistical test
D - All the above
D - All the above
A researcher wants to conduct a study examining the relationship between gender and heart disease. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate? A - Analysis of variance (ANOVA) B - Chi-square C - Pearson’s r D - Regression analysis
B - Chi-square
A researcher wants to compare the results of two tests completed on the same group. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate? A - Analysis of variance (ANOVA) B - Chi-square C - t-test D - Z-score
D - Z-score
During data cleaning, the researcher will perform which of the following? Select all that apply.
A - Check the data for accuracy
B - Correct all errors
C - Identify missing data points and supply the data
D - Organize according to responses
E -Sort according to demographics
A - Check the data for accuracy
B - Correct all errors
and
C - Identify missing data points and supply the data
Which of the following is the purpose of exploratory data analysis? Select all that apply.
A - Check the data for accuracy
B - Correct all errors
C - Determine the nature of variation in the data
D - Identify outliers
E - Obtain a better understanding of the data
C - Determine the nature of variation in the data
D - Identify outliers
and
E - Obtain a better understanding of the data
The risk of a type II error increases with which of the following? Select all that apply. A - Low levels of power B - Small effect sizes C - Type I error D - Small samples
A - Low levels of power
B - Small effect sizes
and
D - Small samples
