Exam 2 Practice Questions - Ch 11

Question 1

The researcher understands that exploratory analysis is used for all except which of the following?
A - Become familiar with the data
B - Examine measures of central tendency and dispersion for each variable
C - Identify outliers
D - Generalize to a larger population

Answer 1

D - Generalize to a larger population

Question 2

Using decision theory, if the level of significance was set at 0.05, which of the following probability levels from statistical analyses would indicate the greatest significant difference?
A - 0.04
B - 0.01
C - 0.001
D - None of the above

Answer 2

D - None of the above

Question 3

Which of the following leads to a type I error?
A - When data are not measured at the interval level
B - When results are not significant
C - When results indicate a significant difference when there is no difference
D - When wrong statistical procedures are used

Answer 3

C - When results indicate a significant difference when there is no difference

Question 4

Which of the following best explains power?
A - It is the amount of variance allowed in the measured scores.
B - It is the capacity of the computer to run complex statistical analyses.
C - It is the degree to which the null hypothesis is false.
D - It is the probability that a statistical test will detect a significant difference that exists.

Answer 4

D - It is the probability that a statistical test will detect a significant difference that exists.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a descriptive statistic?
A - Correlational analysis
B - Frequency distribution
C - Mean
D - Standard deviation

Answer 5

A - Correlational analysis

Question 6

For what purpose is the t-test used?
A - To describe relationships between two variables
B - To examine differences among three or more groups
C - To test for a significant difference between the means of two samples
D - To test the power of a statistical procedure

Answer 6

C - To test for a significant difference between the means of two samples

Question 7

The most common purpose of a Pearson’s correlation is to examine which of the following?
A - Differences between groups
B - Differences between variables
C - Relationships among groups
D - Relationships among variables

Answer 7

D - Relationships among variables

Question 8

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ANOVA?
A - Can be used only with two groups
B - Often requires post hoc tests to identify locations of differences
C - Tests for differences between means
D - F statistic used to report results

Answer 8

A - Can be used only with two groups

Question 9

To judge statistical suitability while critiquing a study, the nurse researcher needs to know all except which of the following?
A - Level of measurement
B - Number of groups
C - Reliability of the measures
D - Whether the groups are dependent or independent

Answer 9

C - Reliability of the measures

Question 10

Types of results from inferential statistical analyses include all except which of the following?
A - Findings
B - Not significant
C - Significant
D - Unpredicted

Answer 10

A - Findings

Question 11

For what reason is it important to describe the sample?
A - Allow readers to determine if the sample is similar to persons in their clinical setting
B - Determine if groups being compared are equivalent
C - Determine if the sample is representative of the target population
D - All the above

Answer 11

D - All the above

Question 12

A researcher wanted to study the elements or variables associated with fear. Which of the following would be an appropriate statistical measure?
A - Chi-square
B - Factor analysis
C - Pearson’s r
D - t-test

Answer 12

B - Factor analysis

Question 13

When interpreting research outcomes, the type of results that agree with those predicted by the researcher and support the logical links developed by the researcher among the framework, purpose, study questions, hypotheses, variables, and measurement tools is known as?
A - Nonsignificant results
B - Significant and unpredicted results
C - Unexpected results
D - Significant results

Answer 13

D - Significant results

Question 14

Which of the following is related to inference?
A - Conclusion or judgment based on evidence
B - Logical movement from a general truth to a specific instance
C - Researcher’s guess about the outcomes of the study
D - Theoretical application of study findings

Answer 14

A - Conclusion or judgment based on evidence

Question 15

Which of the following does the normal curve indicate?
A - Distribution of the values of a single sample
B - Illustration of scores from several samples
C - Real distribution of the values of a population
D - Theoretical frequency distribution of all possible values in a population

Answer 15

D - Theoretical frequency distribution of all possible values in a population

Question 16

Which of the following describes the tails of the normal curve?
A - They are defined by the level of significance selected by the researcher.
B - They are representative samples that may not belong to the same population.
C - They are the extreme statistical values on the peripheral ends of the normal curve.
D - All the above

Answer 16

D - All the above

Question 17

Which of the following is true of a one-tailed test of significance?
A - Increases the risk of a type II error
B - Indicates that extreme scores on only one tail are considered significant
C - Is referred to as no directional
D - Is weaker than two-tailed tests

Answer 17

B - Indicates that extreme scores on only one tail are considered significant

Question 18

In any study in which the data are numerical, data analysis begins with which of the following?
A - Correlational statistics
B - Descriptive statistics
C - Hypothesis-testing statistics
D - Predictive statistics

Answer 18

B - Descriptive statistics

Question 19

What do measures of dispersion indicate?
A - Differences among samples
B - Homogeneity, which indicates wider dispersion
C - Individual differences of the members of the sample
D - The central tendency of the sample

Answer 19

C - Individual differences of the members of the sample

Question 20

Which of the following describes the purpose of the Chi-square test of independence?
A - Determines whether two variables are independent or related
B - Has a high risk of a type II error
C - Is a very weak statistical test
D - All the above

Answer 20

D - All the above

Question 21

A researcher wants to conduct a study examining the relationship between gender and heart disease. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate?
A - Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
B - Chi-square
C - Pearson’s r
D - Regression analysis

Answer 21

B - Chi-square

Question 22

A researcher wants to compare the results of two tests completed on the same group. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate?
A - Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
B - Chi-square
C - t-test
D - Z-score

Answer 22

D - Z-score

Question 23

During data cleaning, the researcher will perform which of the following? Select all that apply.
A - Check the data for accuracy
B - Correct all errors
C - Identify missing data points and supply the data
D - Organize according to responses
E -Sort according to demographics

Answer 23

A - Check the data for accuracy
B - Correct all errors
and
C - Identify missing data points and supply the data

Question 24

Which of the following is the purpose of exploratory data analysis? Select all that apply.
A - Check the data for accuracy
B - Correct all errors
C - Determine the nature of variation in the data
D - Identify outliers
E - Obtain a better understanding of the data

Answer 24

C - Determine the nature of variation in the data
D - Identify outliers
and
E - Obtain a better understanding of the data

Question 25

The risk of a type II error increases with which of the following? Select all that apply.
A - Low levels of power
B - Small effect sizes
C - Type I error
D - Small samples

Answer 25

A - Low levels of power
B - Small effect sizes
and
D - Small samples