Exam 2 Practice Questions - Ch 10

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of random measurement error?
A - Actual measures smaller than the true measure
B - Including elements of hope in our measure of self-concept
C - Measuring blood sugar immediately after breakfast
D - Punching the wrong key when entering data into the computer

Answer 1

D - Punching the wrong key when entering data into the computer

Question 2

Grades on a multiple choice final examination are an example of which level of measurement?
A - Ordinal
B - Interval
C - Nominal
D - Ratio

Answer 2

D - Ratio

Question 3

Evidence of validity of measurement can be obtained from examining which of the following?
A - Contrasting groups
B - Dependability
C - Equivalence
D - Stability

Answer 3

A - Contrasting groups

Question 4

Which of the following best describes physiological measures?
A - They are described in detail in well-written research reports.
B - They are easier to obtain than psychosocial measures.
C - They are more valid than psychosocial measures.
D - They are reliable when obtained from the patient’s record.

Answer 4

A - They are described in detail in well-written research reports.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an example of a scale?
A - Likert
B - Questionnaire
C - Rating
D - Visual analog

Answer 5

B - Questionnaire

Question 6

Which of the following scales measures pain with facial expressions instead of numbers?
A - Likert scale
B - Rating scale
C - Semantic differential scale
D - Visual analog scale

Answer 6

D - Visual analog scale

Question 7

The researcher would like to produce trustworthy data from measurements used in a study. Which of the following would the researcher ensure?
A - Measurement error is reduced.
B - Rules are provided to guide measurement.
C - Values are assigned consistently from one subject to another.
D - All the above are correct.

Answer 7

D - All the above are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following should the researcher do when recruiting subjects for a study?
A - Avoid difficult or unpleasant individuals.
B - Follow the sampling criteria.
C - Obtain large groups rather than individual contacts if direct contact is necessary.
D - Use the telephone or mail whenever possible rather than direct contact.

Answer 8

B - Follow the sampling criteria.

Question 9

The researcher understands that which of the following would be an example of systematic error?
A - A thermometer that indicates the body temperature as 0.1°F higher than the accurate temperature.
B - The rapport of the subject with the data collector.
C - The playfulness or seriousness of the situation during data collection.
D - Variations in fatigue in subjects when measures are taken.

Answer 9

A - A thermometer that indicates the body temperature as 0.1°F higher than the accurate temperature.

Question 10

Which statement accurately describes control in the study design?
A - Researchers build controls into their study plan to maximize the influence of intervening forces on the findings.
B - Control is very important in observational studies to ensure that the intervention is consistently implemented.
C - The research report needs to reflect the controls implemented in a study and any problems that needed to be managed during the study.
D - Researchers continually look for previously unidentified, dependent variables that might have an impact on the data being collected.

Answer 10

C - The research report needs to reflect the controls implemented in a study and any problems that needed to be managed during the study.

Question 11

The nurse understands that measurement errors can be related to which of the following?
A - A theoretical framework
B - Survey tools
C - The difference between the true score and what is measured
D - All the above

Answer 11

D - All the above

Question 12

The nurse understands that reliability includes which of the following?
A - Can be generalizable
B - Is concerned with the consistency of measurement
C - Measures the amount of systematic error
D - All the above

Answer 12

B - Is concerned with the consistency of measurement

Question 13

The nurse understands that test-retest reliability includes which of the following?
A - Assesses the consistency of repeated measures
B - Assumes that the variable to be measured will remain the same at two testing times
C - Assumes that variability in values is a result of measurement error
D - All the above

Answer 13

D - All the above

Question 14

The nurse understands that homogeneity includes which of the following?
A - Examines the correlation of various items within a scale
B - Is measured by Cronbach’s â-coefficient
C - Splits the items in a scale and examines only the first half of items
D - All the above

Answer 14

A - Examines the correlation of various items within a scale

Question 15

The reliability and validity of physiological measures
A - are acceptable in data obtained from the patient record.
B - should not be included in research reports.
C - can be assumed to be accurate.
D - None of the above

Answer 15

D - None of the above

Question 16

The researcher understands the precision of physiological measures is related to which of the following?
A - Maintained by recalibration of instruments
B - Part of quality control testing
C - The degree of reproducibility of measurements
D - All the above

Answer 16

D - All the above

Question 17

The researcher understands that sensitivity of physiological measures is related to which of the following?
A - Ability to distinguish the measure from other signals
B - Amount of change that can be measured precisely
C - Amount of variation in the equipment
D - Evaluation of the adequacy of the operational definition

Answer 17

B - Amount of change that can be measured precisely

Question 18

Observational measures are used most commonly in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ research.
A - correlational
B - intervention
C - qualitative
D - Outcomes

Answer 18

C - qualitative

Question 19

The researcher understands which of the following pertains to using focus groups?
A - Larger groups are desirable.
B - People feel free to express their views.
C - Recruitment of subjects is easily obtained.
D - Segmentation is undesirable.

Answer 19

B - People feel free to express their views.

Question 20

Which of the following is a serious threat to the validity of mailed questionnaires?
A - Quantitative statistics cannot be generated.
B - Questionnaires present a greater opportunity for bias than interviews do.
C - A slim spectrum of information can be obtained.
D - Thirty percent of potential subjects return them.

Answer 20

D - Thirty percent of potential subjects return them.

Question 21

The researcher understands the following to be true when data collection forms are used to record
A - data from the patient record.
B - demographic data.
C - information provided orally by subject or family.
D - All the above

Answer 21

D - All of the above

Question 22

In a published study, which of the following information should be provided about the data collection process?
A - Number of potential subjects who declined to participate
B - Strategies used to approach potential subjects
C - The timing and settings in which measurements were taken
D - All the above

Answer 22

D - All the above

Question 23

Which of the following recruitment strategies would be the most effective in obtaining the desired number of subjects?
A - Direct contact
B - Mail contact
C - Small groups
D - Telephone contact

Answer 23

A - Direct contact

Question 24

Data collected from previous research and stored in a database are considered \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ data.
A - primary
B - secondary
C - administrative
D - tertiary

Answer 24

B - secondary

Question 25

Which of the following concern measurement reliability? Select all that apply.
A - Accuracy
B - Consistency of measurement
C - Homogeneity
D - Systematic error
E - Heterogeneity

Answer 25

A - Accuracy
and
B - Consistency of measurement