Chapter 8 - Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs Flashcards
detailed plan for conducting a study, like a blueprint
research design
type of study design that involves examining a group of study participants simultaneously in various stages of development, severity of illness, or levels of education to describe changes in a phenomenon across stages
cross-sectional design
study that involves collecting data from the same subjects at different points in time (aka repeated measures)
longitudinal design
study design that examines relationships between or among two or more variables in a single group
correlational design
types of correlational designs (3)
- descriptive correlational design
- predictive correlational design
- model testing design
study design with a purpose to describe variables and examine relationships among these variables; facilitates the identification of many interrelationships in a situation
textbook example: “A retrospective analysis of of prenursing student sign-in sheets collected over a 4-year period was accomplished, allowing us to explore the relationship between the final course outcome and attendance.”
descriptive correlational design
study design whose purpose is to predict the value of one variable based on the values obtained for another variable or variables. Because causal phenomena are being examined, the terms dependent and independent are used to describe the variables.
textbook example: “A study focused on predicting the sexual risk behaviors of transgender women using the 4-item Perceived Risk for HIV Infection scale and the Behavior Risk Assessment Tool…A regression analysis was used to determine variable associated with sexual risk behaviors.”
predictive correlational design
A study design specifically intended to test the accuracy of a hypothesized causal model; all concepts relevant to the model must be measured and the relationships among these concepts examined.
textbook example: “Battiselli and colleagues developed and tested a theoretical model to examine turnover intentions of nurses working in hospitals. The concepts of work-family conflict, job satisfaction, community embeddedness, and organizational affective commitment were identified as predictive of nurse turnover intention.”
model testing design
types of descriptive study designs
- simple descriptive design
* comparative descriptive design
Study design used to examine variables in a single sample. Includes identifying the variables within a phenomenon of interest, measuring these variables, and describing them.
textbook example: “Spratling conducted a descriptive study to expand the understanding of healthcare utilization by children with tracheostomies who required medical technology…a retrospective EHR review was completed to identify common health problems that led to ED visits and hospitalization… The study identified common health problems that led to visits, used expert review to categorize these visits as avoidable or unavoidable, and examined sociodemographic and clinical characteristics that affected the visits.”
simple descriptive design
Study design used to describe variables and examine differences in variables in two or more groups that occur naturally in a setting
textbook example: “A study examined the difference in perceived learning needs between cardiac patients who underwent major coronary interventional procedures and the nurses who provided care for them…the researchers did find a disparity between the perceptions of patients and nurses on essential learning needs following a cardiac intervention.”
comparative descriptive design
type of design that facilitates the search for knowledge and examination of causality in situations where control is limited in some ways
textbook example: “Spiva and colleagues conducted a quasi-experimental study to examine the effects of an EBP nurse mentor training program and clinical nurse module intervention on the outcomes related to EBP… A two-group, pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental, interventional design was used”
quasi-experimental study design
type of design focused on examining causality where extensive control of the intervention, setting, sampling process, and extraneous variables is possible
textbook example: “McWilliams, et al, conducted an experimental study to examine ‘the effectiveness of cooperative team learning compared with independent learning when used with nursing students who are learning IV catheter insertion using a haptic IV simulator.’ Two convenience samples of junior-level nursing students attending the fall and spring semester at a university in southeast Texas were randomized into four groups.”
experimental study design
research designs conducted to gain information about variables in relatively new areas of study, such as studies to identify problems in current practice, determine trends of illness, and categorize information
most commonly used design
descriptive design
examines the effect of a particular intervention on a selected outcome
causality
