Exam 2- nephrolithiasis

Question 1

What is nephrolithiasis

Answer 1

kidney stones- most common cause for obstruction

Question 2

where can urinary obstructions occur (3)

Answer 2

1. renal pelvis
2. ureter
3. bladder/pelvis

Question 3

causes of obstructions

Answer 3

pelvis- stones
ureter- pregnancy, tumor
bladder- cancer, neurogenic bladder, prostate (not stones- too big)

Question 4

complications of obstructions

Answer 4

urinary stasis –> infection
back up pressure –> hydroureter and hydronephrosis

Question 5

what creates a kidney stone

Answer 5

super-saturation of solutes in kidneys

Question 6

risk factors for nephrolithiasis

Answer 6

dehydration
gout
urinary stasis–> immobility/obesity
20-30s
fam history
hot weather

Question 7

types of stones (3)

Answer 7

1. calcium- most common
2. sturvite AKA staghorn
3. uric acid

Question 8

causes of different types of kidney stones

Answer 8

calcium- idiopathic/diet
sturvite- UTIs
uric acid- gout

Question 9

S/S of nephrolithaisis

Answer 9

renal colic
flank pain
radiation to back/stomach
spasms
sharp
fever/chills- w/ systemic infection
N/V/D

Question 10

treatment for nephrolithiasis

Answer 10

pain meds
- morphine / opioids
- NSAIDS
IV fluids

Question 11

Preventative meds for stone types

Answer 11

-calcium- thiazide diuretics
-struvite- antibiotics
uric acid- allopurinol