Exam 2- CKD

Question 1

what determines CKD stages

Answer 1

GFR

Question 2

causes of CKD

Answer 2

*diabetes
*hypertension
AKI
glomerulonephritis

Question 3

RF for CKD

Answer 3

fam history
inc. age
males
black
HTN
DM
Smoking
obesity

Question 4

S/S of CKD

Answer 4

*HTN
*proteinuria
cardiac dysfunction
N/V
bleeding
anorexia
gastritis
fatigue
encepholapthy
sleep disturbanes
anxitey/depression

Question 5

F/E inbalances in CKD causes

Answer 5

edema (FVE)
*hyperkalemia
hypermag
hyperphos
metabolic acidosis

Question 6

no longer ridding of waste in CKD causes

Answer 6

anorexia, malnutrition, itching, and CNS changes

Question 7

dec erythropoietin in CKD causes

Answer 7

anemia (dec Hgb)

Question 8

dec vit. D activtation in CKD causes

Answer 8

renal osteodystrophy (brittle bones)

Question 9

best way to treat CKD

Answer 9

prevent/control chronic diseases and slow progression

Question 10

tx for HTN w/ CKD

Answer 10

ACE or ARBs

Question 11

ACEs

Answer 11

-prils (captopril, lisinopril, benazepril)
blocks ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)
drug of choice for renal PTs

Question 12

ARBs

Answer 12

-sartan (losartan, eprosartan valsartan)
blocks angiotensin 2 (causes vasodilation) –> inc Na/H20 excretion
contra for pregnant, monitor renal PTs

Question 13

tx for hyperlipidemia w/ CKD

Answer 13

Statins
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (dec cholesterol by liver)
life long drug
LDL are removed from blood

Question 14

statins

Question 15

tx for FVE w/ CKD

Answer 15

loop diuretics

Question 16

loop diuretics

Answer 16

furosemide (lasix)
inhibits Na reabsportion (Na goes into urine, water follows)
used for hypertension and FVE
SE: hypokalemai

Question 17

tx for w/ CKD hyperkalemia

Answer 17

direutics, diaylsis

Question 18

tx for metabolic acidosis w/ CKD

Answer 18

sodium bicarbs

Question 19

sodium bicarb

Answer 19

alkalinic agent (dec. pH and inc. bicarb level)

start when bicarb levels are >15 and goal is 18-20

SE: bloating

Question 20

tx for hyperphos w/ CKD

Answer 20

calcium carbonate

Question 21

calcium carbonate

Answer 21

binds to phosphate (cal and phos = inversese –> indirectly dec cal)

take w/ meals

monitor calcium levels

Question 22

tx for renal osteodystrophy w/ CKD

Answer 22

calcitriol

Question 23

calcitriol

Answer 23

activates vit. D through intestinal absorption

SE hypercalcemia and hyperphos

Question 24

meds to watch when giving to CKD PTs

Answer 24

D- digoxin
D- diabetes (met)
A-antibiotics (vanc)
O- opioids (morphine)