Exam 2 Muscles & Muscle Tissue

Question 1

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 1

skeletal/cardiac/smooth

Question 2

?

Is striated and involuntary; the body’s blood pump

Answer 2

cardiac muscle tissue

Question 3

?
Is striated and voluntary; are of the longest fibers
Are responsible for overall body motility

Answer 3

skeletal muscle tissue

Question 4

?
Is visceral, non-striated, involuntary
Found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, stomach, urinary bladder, respiratory passages
Forces fluids and other substances through internal body channels

Answer 4

smooth muscle tissue

Question 5

Muscle cells cannot reproduce/divide; they lack centrioles; can grow larger

Specific adaptation to oppose demands; muscles will adapt the way you task them

Answer 5

Muscle cells and muscle fibers are the same

Question 6

?

The ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated

Answer 6

Contractility

Question 7

?

Is the ability of a muscle cell to recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched

Answer 7

Elasticity

Question 8

?

(responsiveness or irritability), the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus, sometimes called conductivity

Answer 8

Excitability

Question 9

?

Is the ability to be stretched or extended, muscle cells shorten when contracting, and stretch when relaxed

Answer 9

Extensibility

Question 10

?

Is the ability to be stretched or extended, muscle cells shorten when contracting, and stretch when relaxed

Answer 10

Extensibility

Question 11

There are 4 important muscle functions

Answer 11

1. Producing movement
2. Maintaining posture and body position
3. Stabilizing joints
4. Generating heat; muscles generate heat as they contract

Question 12

Skeletal muscle, is a discrete organ, made up of several kinds of tissues
Energy = ?

Answer 12

ATP; adenosine triphosphate

Question 13

ATP is stored as ?; alternative energy source for muscle tissue

Answer 13

creatine phosphate

Question 14

? attaches bone to bone

Answer 14

Ligaments

Question 15

? attach muscle to bone or muscle to muscle; an extension of muscle

Answer 15

Tendons

Question 16

Sarcomere

- The parallel orderly arrangement of myosin filaments and whatever actin overlaps them is the ?

Answer 16

A-band

Question 17

The area between the actin (the lighter area) is referred to as the ?

Answer 17

H-zone

Question 18

From the end of one A-band to the beginning of the next A-band is the ?

Answer 18

I-band

Question 19

The ? connects the sarcomeres in the ?

Answer 19

Z-line/Z-disc; I-band

Question 20

The ? connects the sarcomeres in the ?

Answer 20

Z-line/Z-disc; I-band

Question 21

When skeletal muscle contracts, the ?-zone shrinks and disappears, the ?-band shrinks and virtually disappears, but the ?-band stays the same width

Muscle cells/fibers contract by shortening

Answer 21

H-zone; I-band; A-band

Question 22

Actin & Myosin
Myosin filaments, is made up of about 200 myosin molecules
- Made up of a head or cross bridge and a tail
Two parts to the head, ? and ?

Answer 22

actin binding site; ATP-ase site

Question 23

?, are active sites for myosin attachments

Answer 23

actin

Question 24

It’s the ? not ? of ATP that causes myosin to release

Answer 24

binding; splitting

Question 25

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

• Major role is to ?
• Insulates actin and myosin from contracting

Answer 25

regulate intracellular levels of ionic calcium (is where calcium is housed)

Question 26

Muscles begin at their origin and end at the insertion
Muscle fibers slide
Myosin head = ?
Actin slides over myosin
? is an enzyme that splits ATP

Answer 26

cross bridge; ATP-ase

Question 27

?
A moderate oxidative capacity with moderate ATP-ase activity
In-between slow and fast twitch

Answer 27

Type 2a Intermediate

Question 28

?
High oxidative capacity with low ATP-ase activity
High percentage of these are more efficient at manufacturing ATP; better endurance, marathon runner, last longer

Answer 28

Type 1 Slow Twitch Muscle Fiber, Red

Question 29

?
Low oxidative capacity with high ATP-ase activity
High percentage of these fatigue quicker but contract faster, explosive/more power

Answer 29

Type 2 Fast Twitch Muscle Fiber, White

Question 30

? contraction;

static resistance, with static range of motion, disadvantage one spot strengthens, no movement

Answer 30

Isometric (contraction)

Question 31

? contraction;
variable range of motion with a static resistance, disadvantage only trains at the weakest weight in the range of motion, works through a full range of movement

Answer 31

Isotonic (contraction)

Question 32

? contraction;

variable range of motion with a variable range of resistance, against gravity

Answer 32

Concentric (contraction)

Question 33

? contraction;

with gravity

Answer 33

Eccentric (contraction)

Question 34

? contraction;

with gravity

Answer 34

Eccentric (contraction)

Question 35

Smooth Muscle
Is non-striated
No sarcomeres, no A-bands, no H-bands
Muscle fibers/cells are much larger
Contraction of smooth muscle is longer and over a greater range

Answer 35

There are myosin-thick filaments and actin-thin filaments but because there are no sarcomeres they are not connected in the same way; they run the long length of the cell and attach to the ends of the cells’ plasma membrane or attach to Dense body’s

Question 36

? is involved in contraction but it doesn’t go the same way; it floods in directly through the plasma membrane; the contraction can start at any spot in the cell, through conduction

Answer 36

Calcium

Question 37

? is involved in contraction but it doesn’t go the same way; it floods in directly through the plasma membrane; the contraction can start at any spot in the cell, through conduction

Answer 37

Calcium

Question 38

More sensitive to chemical changes

_____ is where the calcium binds to, NOT _____

Answer 38

myosin; actin

Question 39

Smooth muscle has a 3rd major filament in it called _____; helps to give the cell shape, structural element

Answer 39

intermediate filament

Question 40

Cardiac Muscle
Is non-striated or striated? is voluntary or involuntary?

220 - your age = your max heart rate, BPM’s

Answer 40

striated; involuntary