Exam 2 Chemistry

Question 1

_____, are unique substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means

Answer 1

Elements

Question 2

_____, smallest unit that has characteristics of an element

Answer 2

Atoms

Question 3

What are the major elements of the human body?

Answer 3

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 4

Atomic Structure of an Atom
\_\_\_\_\_, positive charge
\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ are found in the nucleus
\_\_\_\_\_, no charge
\_\_\_\_\_, negative charge, are found orbiting the nucleus

Answer 4

Protons

Protons; neutrons

Neutrons

Electrons

Question 5

_____, of any atom is equal to the # of protons in its nucleus, is written to the left of its symbol

Answer 5

Atomic #

Question 6

_____, the # of protons and neutrons

Answer 6

Mass #

Question 7

_____, is an average of the relative weights (mass #’s) of all isotopes of an element

Answer 7

Atomic weight

Question 8

_____, are atoms that undergo spontaneous decay called radioactivity

Answer 8

Radioisotopes

Question 9

_____, have the same # of protons and electrons, but differ in the # of neutrons they contain

Answer 9

Isotopes

Question 10

_____, have the same # of protons and electrons, but differ in the # of neutrons they contain

Answer 10

Isotopes

Question 11

_____ is 2 or more atoms held together

Answer 11

Molecule

Question 12

_____ is 2 or more different kinds of atoms bound together

Answer 12

Compound

Question 13

_____, a chemical bond created by electron sharing between atoms, shared electrons occupy a single orbital common to both atoms

Answer 13

Covalent bond

Question 14

_____, a chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another

Answer 14

Ionic bond

Question 15

_____, form when a hydrogen atom, already covalently linked to one electronegative atom is attracted by another electron-hungry atom, so that a bridge forms between them

Answer 15

Hydrogen bond

Question 16

_____, form when a hydrogen atom, already covalently linked to one electronegative atom is attracted by another electron-hungry atom, so that a bridge forms between them

Answer 16

Hydrogen bond

Question 17

_____ - different atomic forms of the same element, vary only in the number of neutrons they contain

Answer 17

Isotopes

Question 18

_____ - one of two or more substances that has the same molecular formula but with its atoms arranged differently

Answer 18

Isomer

Question 19

_____ - one of two or more substances that has the same molecular formula but with its atoms arranged differently

Answer 19

Isomer

Question 20

Acids, have a ___ taste; can react with (dissolve) many metals

Is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+), proton ____

Answer 20

sour

donors

Question 21

Acidic solutions have a ____ H+ concentration and therefore a ___ pH

Answer 21

higher

lower

Question 22

Acidic solutions have a ____ H+ concentration and therefore a ___ pH

Answer 22

higher

lower

Question 23

Alkaline solutions have ___ H+ concentration and therefore a ___ pH

Answer 23

lower

higher

Question 24

Neutral solutions have ___ H+ and OH- concentrations

Answer 24

equal

Question 25

Bases, have a ___ taste, feel slippery and are proton ___ that are taken up by (H+); hydrogen ions (OH-)

Answer 25

bitter

acceptors

Question 26

Acids (hydrogen ions) pH = 0 - 6.99

Bases (hydroxyl ions) pH = 7.1 - 14

Substances with a pH of 7 is neutral

Answer 26

pH scale is multiplied by 10x’s for every 1 point