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MUSC Pharmacology > EXAM 2 Medical Micro Gram Negative > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Medical Micro Gram Negative Flashcards

1
Q

gram negative rod species that are in and outside the enteric tract

A

E.coli

Salmonella

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2
Q

Escherichia Coli Non-diarrheagenic

A

Typical or common EC
Normal flora
common cause of urinary tract infections
Causes opportunistic infections- Some severe (Septic shock)

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3
Q

Typical or common E. Coli

A

Escherichia Coli Non-diarrheagenic

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4
Q

type of E. Coli that is the common cause of urinary tract infections

A

Escherichia Coli Non-diarrheagenic

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5
Q

Escherichia coli causing enteric infections (Diarrheagenic)

5 types

A 
Enterotoxigenic - ETEC  
Enteropathogenic – EPEC
Enteroinvasive – EIEC
Enterohemorrhagic – EHEC, EC O157:H7
Enteroaggregative – EAggEC
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6
Q

Escherichia coli species that causes Watery diarrhea, N & V, fever, usually in children <2yr, adults

A

Enteropathogenic – EPEC

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7
Q

Escherichia coli species that is known as Traveler’s diarrhea- involved with foreign travel, profuse, watery diarrhea

A

Enterotoxigenic - ETEC

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8
Q

Escherichia coli species that usually involved with Foreign travel,- watery diarrhea, rarely dysentery (scant stool, blood, mucus, leukocytes in stool, fever and cramps)

A

Enteroinvasive – EIEC

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9
Q

difference between Enterotoxigenic - ETEC and Enteroinvasive – EIEC E.Coli

A

Enteroinvasive – EIEC has blood in stool

both associated with foreign travel

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10
Q

Enterohemorrhagic – EHEC, EC O157:H7 symptoms

A

Diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, undercooked ground beef, potentially fatal in very young, elderly, immunosuppressed

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11
Q

Escherichia coli species that has symptoms of Diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis.
usually from undercooked ground beef
potentially fatal in very young, elderly, immunosuppressed

A

Enterohemorrhagic – EHEC, EC O157:H7

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12
Q

Escherichia coli species that has symptoms of Chronic and acute diarrhea, vomiting, affects all ages, source unknown

A

Enteroaggregative – EAggEC

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13
Q

3 gram negative cocci species

A

Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis

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14
Q

bacteria that Mainly causes meningitis and meningococcemia

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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15
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

causes meningitis and meningococcemia
A leading cause of death from infection in children
Can be a harmless member of the normal flora
Peak incidence occurs between 6 month and 5 years but also occurs in populations living closely together (e.g. college, prison, military)

Currently have vaccine for this given to children, adolescents, and young adults in certain living conditions

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16
Q

Does Neisseria meningitidis have vaccine?

A

yes

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17
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes

A

gonorrhea,
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease

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18
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Transmission by sexual contact, major reservoir in asymptomatic infected persons
Highest incidence occurs between 20-24 years of age
Causes gonorrhea (extremely common cause of disease)
Other diseases:
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease

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19
Q

what bacteria causes gonorrhea, Neonatal conjunctivitis, and Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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20
Q

Aerobic, gram negative diplococci, resembles Neisseria species on gram stain
Nasal cavity is its natural reservoir

Common diseases:
In children: otitis media, sinusitis
Older adults: bronchitis and pneumonia

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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21
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Aerobic, gram negative diplococci, resembles Neisseria species on gram stain
Nasal cavity is its natural reservoir

Common diseases:
In children: otitis media, sinusitis
Older adults: bronchitis and pneumonia

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22
Q

what type of bacteria is Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Aerobic, gram negative diplococci

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23
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis causes what in children?

A

otitis media, sinusitis

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24
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis causes what in adults?

A

bronchitis and pneumonia

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25
Q

Salmonella enterica Typhi causes

A

Enteric fever (Typhoid fever)

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26
Q

Salmonella enterica Typhi

A 
Enteric fever (Typhoid fever) – steady invasion of GI tract to lymphatic system to bacteremia
Untreated cases – highly fatal
“Carrier State” (Typhoid Mary)
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27
Q

Salmonella enterica Typhi starts at GI tract and goes to ____.

A

lymphatic system to bacteremia

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28
Q

Salmonella enterica Typhi “Carrier State”

A

Typhoid Mary

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29
Q

Salmonella enterica Typhi is located _____ Enteric tract

A

Within and Outside the Enteric Tract

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30
Q

Salmonella enterica Enteritidis causes

A

Watery diarrhea with fever, N & V, usually self-limiting

Bacteremia occasionally

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31
Q

transmission of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis

A

Fecal/oral, contaminated food – eggs, milk, poultry, kitchen sponges/towels/utensils

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32
Q

Salmonella enterica Enteritidis is located _____ Enteric tract

A

Within and Outside the Enteric Tract

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33
Q

Salmonella enterica Enteritidis is what type of bacteria?

A

gram negative rod Within and Outside the Enteric Tract

34
Q

Salmonella enterica Typhi is what type of bacteria

A

gram negative rod Within and Outside the Enteric Tract

35
Q

gram negative rod Within the enteric tract

A

Shigella species (dysenteriae)
Campylobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori
Vibrio cholerae

36
Q

gram negative rod Within and Outside the Enteric Tract

A

Salmonella enterica Enteritidis
Salmonella enterica Typhi
Escherichia coli (Non-diarrheagenic)

Escherichia coli (Diarrheagenic)-
 (Enterotoxigenic - ETEC  , Enteropathogenic – EPEC, Enteroinvasive – EIEC, Enterohemorrhagic – EHEC, EC O157:H7, Enteroaggregative – EAggEC)
37
Q

Shigella species (dysenteriae) Virulence

A

Enterotoxins – Shiga A and B
Endotoxins
Resists stomach acid (extremely contagious)

38
Q

Shigella species (dysenteriae) Disease

A

One cause of dysentery (Shigellosis) – watery bloody diarrhea, fever, N&V
Can be fatal to small children

39
Q

Shigella species (dysenteriae) Transmission

A

Fecal/oral – extremely contagious requiring very small amounts of bacteria

40
Q

Shigella species (dysenteriae) is located _____ Enteric tract

A

within enteric tract

41
Q

Vibrio cholerae is located _____ Enteric tract

A

within enteric tract

42
Q

Shigella species (dysenteriae) is what type of bacteria?

A

gram negative rod within enteric tract

43
Q

Vibrio cholerae is what type of bacteria?

A

gram negative rod within enteric tract

44
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Transmitted by fecal contamination of water and food
Often spreads in epidemics
Several enterotoxins associated with virulence

45
Q

Vibrio cholerae is transmitted how?

A

Transmitted by fecal contamination of water and food

46
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is located _____ Enteric tract

A

within enteric tract

47
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is what type of bacteria?

A

gram negative rod within enteric tract

48
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Frequent cause of enterocolitis, especially in children
Source: domestic animals (cattle, chickens, dogs)
Transmission is fecal-oral with contamination of food and water sources

49
Q

Campylobacter jejuni causes

A

enterocolitis, especially in children

50
Q

Campylobacter jejuni main source

A

domestic animals (cattle, chickens, dogs)

51
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is transmitted how?

A

fecal-oral with contamination of food and water sources

52
Q

Helicobacter pylori is what type of bacteria?

A

gram negative rod within enteric tract

53
Q

Helicobacter pylori is located _____ Enteric tract

A

within enteric tract

54
Q

enterocolitis, especially in children

A

Helicobacter pylori

55
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Source – human GI tract only known reservoir
Transmission – Fecal/Oral
Disease-
Chronic gastritis- superficial mucosal inflammation- 100% of patients have infection
Duodenal/peptic ulcer – occurs as an extension of chronic gastritis – 90-100% have infection
Gastric peptic ulcer – similar to duodenal – 50-80% have infection
Gastric carcinoma – may be an association with chronic gastritis

56
Q

Helicobacter pylori is transmitted how?

A

Fecal/Oral

57
Q

Helicobacter pylori main source

A

human GI tract only known reservoir

58
Q

bacteria inside enteric tract that causes ulcers

A

Helicobacter pylori

59
Q

Helicobacter pylori diseases

A

Chronic gastritis
Gastric peptic ulcer
Duodenal/peptic ulcer
Gastric carcinoma

60
Q

Chronic gastritis is caused by what bacteria?

A

Helicobacter pylori

61
Q

Helicobacter pylori ulcers can cause carcinoma and develop cancers where?

A

stomach and esophageal cancer

62
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae is what kind of bacteria?

A

gram negative rod Outside the Enteric Tract

63
Q

what is the cause of Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotic resistance?

A

Beta lactamase production

64
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae diseases

A

(predominately nosocomial-originating in hospital)

Pneumonia
Urinary tract infections – common cause but E. coli most frequent
Bacteremia – one of the top ten causes of nosocomial bacteremia

65
Q

Enterobacter cloacae has Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms including ___.

A

Beta lactamase production

66
Q

Enterobacter cloacae diseases

A

UTI’s – pyelonephritis and cystitis

Nosocomial pneumonia’s (ventilator-associated) and bacteremia

67
Q

Enterobacter cloacae is located ___ enteric tract

A

outside the enteric tract

68
Q

Serratia marcescens is located ___ enteric tract

A

outside the enteric tract

69
Q

Serratia marcescens has Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms including ___.

A

Beta lactamase production

70
Q

Serratia marcescens diseases

A

UTI’s – pyelonephritis and cystitis
Nosocomial pneumonia and bacteremia
Infective arthritis – from intra-articular injections

71
Q

does Proteus mirabilis have Beta lactamase production

A

yes, some Beta lactamase production

72
Q

Proteus mirabilis diseases

A

UTI’s – Cystitis and pyelonephritis
Urolithiasis
Nosocomial infections

73
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is harbored wear?

A

Harbored in moist environments - Hot tubs, swimming pools (swimmer’s ear)

74
Q

is Pseudomonas aeruginosa hard to treat?

A

yes

Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms – extremely challenging organism to kill

75
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes disease in ______ patients and has high degree of resistance

A

immune compromised patients

76
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa diseases (9)

A

Pneumonia (necrotizing and bronchopneumonia)
Burn wound infections – black or green discoloration
Endocarditis – IV drug abusers
UTI’s – cystitis and pyelonephritis
Bacteremia – especially in immunocompromised patients
External otitis
Corneal keratitis
Hot tub folliculitis
Osteomyelitis

77
Q

Enterobacter cloacae is what kind of bacteria?

A

gram negative rod Outside the Enteric Tract

78
Q

Serratia marcescens is what kind of bacteria?

A

gram negative rod Outside the Enteric Tract

79
Q

Proteus mirabilis is what kind of bacteria?

A

gram negative rod Outside the Enteric Tract

80
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is what kind of bacteria?

A

gram negative rod Outside the Enteric Tract

MUSC Pharmacology (10 decks)

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