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MUSC Pharmacology > EXAM 2 Medical Micro Gram Negative > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Medical Micro Gram Negative Flashcards

1
Q

gram negative rod species that are in and outside the enteric tract

A

E.coli

Salmonella

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2
Q

Escherichia Coli Non-diarrheagenic

A

Typical or common EC
Normal flora
common cause of urinary tract infections
Causes opportunistic infections- Some severe (Septic shock)

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3
Q

Typical or common E. Coli

A

Escherichia Coli Non-diarrheagenic

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4
Q

type of E. Coli that is the common cause of urinary tract infections

A

Escherichia Coli Non-diarrheagenic

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5
Q

Escherichia coli causing enteric infections (Diarrheagenic)

5 types

A 
Enterotoxigenic - ETEC  
Enteropathogenic – EPEC
Enteroinvasive – EIEC
Enterohemorrhagic – EHEC, EC O157:H7
Enteroaggregative – EAggEC
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6
Q

Escherichia coli species that causes Watery diarrhea, N & V, fever, usually in children <2yr, adults

A

Enteropathogenic – EPEC

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7
Q

Escherichia coli species that is known as Traveler’s diarrhea- involved with foreign travel, profuse, watery diarrhea

A

Enterotoxigenic - ETEC

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8
Q

Escherichia coli species that usually involved with Foreign travel,- watery diarrhea, rarely dysentery (scant stool, blood, mucus, leukocytes in stool, fever and cramps)

A

Enteroinvasive – EIEC

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9
Q

difference between Enterotoxigenic - ETEC and Enteroinvasive – EIEC E.Coli

A

Enteroinvasive – EIEC has blood in stool

both associated with foreign travel

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10
Q

Enterohemorrhagic – EHEC, EC O157:H7 symptoms

A

Diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, undercooked ground beef, potentially fatal in very young, elderly, immunosuppressed

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11
Q

Escherichia coli species that has symptoms of Diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis.
usually from undercooked ground beef
potentially fatal in very young, elderly, immunosuppressed

A

Enterohemorrhagic – EHEC, EC O157:H7

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12
Q

Escherichia coli species that has symptoms of Chronic and acute diarrhea, vomiting, affects all ages, source unknown

A

Enteroaggregative – EAggEC

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13
Q

3 gram negative cocci species

A

Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis

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14
Q

bacteria that Mainly causes meningitis and meningococcemia

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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15
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

causes meningitis and meningococcemia
A leading cause of death from infection in children
Can be a harmless member of the normal flora
Peak incidence occurs between 6 month and 5 years but also occurs in populations living closely together (e.g. college, prison, military)

Currently have vaccine for this given to children, adolescents, and young adults in certain living conditions

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16
Q

Does Neisseria meningitidis have vaccine?

A

yes

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17
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes

A

gonorrhea,
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease

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18
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Transmission by sexual contact, major reservoir in asymptomatic infected persons
Highest incidence occurs between 20-24 years of age
Causes gonorrhea (extremely common cause of disease)
Other diseases:
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease

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19
Q

what bacteria causes gonorrhea, Neonatal conjunctivitis, and Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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20
Q

Aerobic, gram negative diplococci, resembles Neisseria species on gram stain
Nasal cavity is its natural reservoir

Common diseases:
In children: otitis media, sinusitis
Older adults: bronchitis and pneumonia

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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21
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Aerobic, gram negative diplococci, resembles Neisseria species on gram stain
Nasal cavity is its natural reservoir

Common diseases:
In children: otitis media, sinusitis
Older adults: bronchitis and pneumonia

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22
Q

what type of bacteria is Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Aerobic, gram negative diplococci

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23
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis causes what in children?

A

otitis media, sinusitis

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24
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis causes what in adults?

A

bronchitis and pneumonia

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25
Salmonella enterica Typhi causes
Enteric fever (Typhoid fever)
26
Salmonella enterica Typhi
``` Enteric fever (Typhoid fever) – steady invasion of GI tract to lymphatic system to bacteremia Untreated cases – highly fatal “Carrier State” (Typhoid Mary) ```
27
Salmonella enterica Typhi starts at GI tract and goes to ____.
lymphatic system to bacteremia
28
Salmonella enterica Typhi “Carrier State”
Typhoid Mary
29
Salmonella enterica Typhi is located _____ Enteric tract
Within and Outside the Enteric Tract
30
Salmonella enterica Enteritidis causes
Watery diarrhea with fever, N & V, usually self-limiting | Bacteremia occasionally
31
transmission of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis
Fecal/oral, contaminated food – eggs, milk, poultry, kitchen sponges/towels/utensils
32
Salmonella enterica Enteritidis is located _____ Enteric tract
Within and Outside the Enteric Tract
33
Salmonella enterica Enteritidis is what type of bacteria?
gram negative rod Within and Outside the Enteric Tract
34
Salmonella enterica Typhi is what type of bacteria
gram negative rod Within and Outside the Enteric Tract
35
gram negative rod Within the enteric tract
Shigella species (dysenteriae) Campylobacter jejuni Helicobacter pylori Vibrio cholerae
36
gram negative rod Within and Outside the Enteric Tract
Salmonella enterica Enteritidis Salmonella enterica Typhi Escherichia coli (Non-diarrheagenic) ``` Escherichia coli (Diarrheagenic)- (Enterotoxigenic - ETEC , Enteropathogenic – EPEC, Enteroinvasive – EIEC, Enterohemorrhagic – EHEC, EC O157:H7, Enteroaggregative – EAggEC) ```
37
Shigella species (dysenteriae) Virulence
Enterotoxins – Shiga A and B Endotoxins Resists stomach acid (extremely contagious)
38
Shigella species (dysenteriae) Disease
One cause of dysentery (Shigellosis) – watery bloody diarrhea, fever, N&V Can be fatal to small children
39
Shigella species (dysenteriae) Transmission
Fecal/oral – extremely contagious requiring very small amounts of bacteria
40
Shigella species (dysenteriae) is located _____ Enteric tract
within enteric tract
41
Vibrio cholerae is located _____ Enteric tract
within enteric tract
42
Shigella species (dysenteriae) is what type of bacteria?
gram negative rod within enteric tract
43
Vibrio cholerae is what type of bacteria?
gram negative rod within enteric tract
44
Vibrio cholerae
Transmitted by fecal contamination of water and food Often spreads in epidemics Several enterotoxins associated with virulence
45
Vibrio cholerae is transmitted how?
Transmitted by fecal contamination of water and food
46
Campylobacter jejuni is located _____ Enteric tract
within enteric tract
47
Campylobacter jejuni is what type of bacteria?
gram negative rod within enteric tract
48
Campylobacter jejuni
Frequent cause of enterocolitis, especially in children Source: domestic animals (cattle, chickens, dogs) Transmission is fecal-oral with contamination of food and water sources
49
Campylobacter jejuni causes
enterocolitis, especially in children
50
Campylobacter jejuni main source
domestic animals (cattle, chickens, dogs)
51
Campylobacter jejuni is transmitted how?
fecal-oral with contamination of food and water sources
52
Helicobacter pylori is what type of bacteria?
gram negative rod within enteric tract
53
Helicobacter pylori is located _____ Enteric tract
within enteric tract
54
enterocolitis, especially in children
Helicobacter pylori
55
Helicobacter pylori
Source – human GI tract only known reservoir Transmission – Fecal/Oral Disease- Chronic gastritis- superficial mucosal inflammation- 100% of patients have infection Duodenal/peptic ulcer – occurs as an extension of chronic gastritis – 90-100% have infection Gastric peptic ulcer – similar to duodenal – 50-80% have infection Gastric carcinoma – may be an association with chronic gastritis
56
Helicobacter pylori is transmitted how?
Fecal/Oral
57
Helicobacter pylori main source
human GI tract only known reservoir
58
bacteria inside enteric tract that causes ulcers
Helicobacter pylori
59
Helicobacter pylori diseases
Chronic gastritis Gastric peptic ulcer Duodenal/peptic ulcer Gastric carcinoma
60
Chronic gastritis is caused by what bacteria?
Helicobacter pylori
61
Helicobacter pylori ulcers can cause carcinoma and develop cancers where?
stomach and esophageal cancer
62
Klebsiella pneumoniae is what kind of bacteria?
gram negative rod Outside the Enteric Tract
63
what is the cause of Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotic resistance?
Beta lactamase production
64
Klebsiella pneumoniae diseases
(predominately nosocomial-originating in hospital) Pneumonia Urinary tract infections – common cause but E. coli most frequent Bacteremia – one of the top ten causes of nosocomial bacteremia
65
Enterobacter cloacae has Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms including ___.
Beta lactamase production
66
Enterobacter cloacae diseases
UTI’s – pyelonephritis and cystitis | Nosocomial pneumonia’s (ventilator-associated) and bacteremia
67
Enterobacter cloacae is located ___ enteric tract
outside the enteric tract
68
Serratia marcescens is located ___ enteric tract
outside the enteric tract
69
Serratia marcescens has Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms including ___.
Beta lactamase production
70
Serratia marcescens diseases
UTI’s – pyelonephritis and cystitis Nosocomial pneumonia and bacteremia Infective arthritis – from intra-articular injections
71
does Proteus mirabilis have Beta lactamase production
yes, some Beta lactamase production
72
Proteus mirabilis diseases
UTI’s – Cystitis and pyelonephritis Urolithiasis Nosocomial infections
73
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is harbored wear?
Harbored in moist environments - Hot tubs, swimming pools (swimmer’s ear)
74
is Pseudomonas aeruginosa hard to treat?
yes Multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms – extremely challenging organism to kill
75
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes disease in ______ patients and has high degree of resistance
immune compromised patients
76
Pseudomonas aeruginosa diseases (9)
Pneumonia (necrotizing and bronchopneumonia) Burn wound infections – black or green discoloration Endocarditis – IV drug abusers UTI’s – cystitis and pyelonephritis Bacteremia – especially in immunocompromised patients External otitis Corneal keratitis Hot tub folliculitis Osteomyelitis
77
Enterobacter cloacae is what kind of bacteria?
gram negative rod Outside the Enteric Tract
78
Serratia marcescens is what kind of bacteria?
gram negative rod Outside the Enteric Tract
79
Proteus mirabilis is what kind of bacteria?
gram negative rod Outside the Enteric Tract
80
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is what kind of bacteria?
gram negative rod Outside the Enteric Tract

MUSC Pharmacology (10 decks)

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