Exam 1 Drug Delivery Systems

Question 1

4 classifications of dosage forms

Answer 1

1. Physical State
2. Point of Application
3. Delivery mode
4. Technology of release

Question 2

Example of controlled technology of release

Answer 2

extended release capsules

Question 3

2 types of technology of release

Answer 3

conventional and controlled

Question 4

5 considerations for dosage form

Answer 4

1. Nature of the illness
2. Need for local or systemic treatment
3. Age and condition of pt
4. Tolerability and adherence
5. Cost

Question 5

advantages of oral formulations

Answer 5

1. comfort & convenience
2. Management of accidental overdosing
3. Systemic effect
4. Local effect
5. Relatively inexpensive

Question 6

What is a tablet?

Answer 6

solid dosage form of highly compressed or molded powder ingredients

Question 7

Advantages of tablets (6)

Answer 7

1. easy to handle and swallow
2. compact does and dosage can be adjusted by breaking
3. can be coated to mask objectionable taste and odor
4. can be formulated to avoid first-pass metabolism
5. easy to manufacture and maintain in stable state
6. difficult to adulterate

Question 8

what is it called when the ingredients are encased in thin, hard shell made of suitable gelatin?

Answer 8

capsules

Question 9

In capsules, most often its contents are ______.

Answer 9

dry powder

Question 10

advantages of capsules

Answer 10

1. easy to handle and swallow
2. tasteless and odorless
3. flexibility of dosing

Question 11

issue with capsules

Answer 11

they are generally the same as tablets

Question 12

what is a caplet?

Answer 12

coated tablets in shape of capsule

Question 13

what are gelcaps/liqui-gel?

Answer 13

soft, capsule shaped, usually filled with drug suspended in oil.

Question 14

advantages of liquids

Answer 14

1. administration
2. easy to adjust dose
3. rapid absorption

Question 15

disadvantages of liquids

Answer 15

1. storage/shelf life
2. taste must be acceptable
3. easier for microbial growth versus solids
   administration- some dosage forms require specific patient education

Question 16

what are divided powders?

Answer 16

When the doses are divided into separate packages (example: theraflu)

Question 17

these are not common for oral use but used in topical applications

Answer 17

bulk powders

Question 18

these are designed to be sprinkled on food or mixed in liquid

Answer 18

divided powders

Question 19

oral formulations can be administered via three ways

Answer 19

sublingual, bucal, or dermal

Question 20

advantages of oral formulations

Answer 20

avoid first-pass effect

Question 21

advantage for intranasal route

Answer 21

avoid first-pass effect or inactivation in GI tract as well as reduced systemic exposure

Question 22

Goals of nasal delivery

Answer 22

1. direct access to localized area

2. access to systemic effects via blood

Question 23

pulmonary route dosage forms

Answer 23

solution, suspension, aerosol, dry powder

Question 24

advantages of pulmonary route

Answer 24

1. onset of action typically fast to immediate

2. avoid first-pass effect

Question 25

dosage forms of aerosol solutions

Answer 25

1. metered dose inhalers

2. nebulizers

Question 26

advantages of nebulizers

Answer 26

1. no need for hand-lung coordination
2. reproducible droplet size
3. smaller droplets

Question 27

disadvantages of nebulizers

Answer 27

1. cost
2. no accurate way to know exact amount of drug delivered
3. requires either large device or costly smaller device

Question 28

MDIs employ volatile organic solvent as propellent, currently known as ____.

Answer 28

hydrofluoroalkaline

Question 29

advantaged of metered dose inhalers

Answer 29

1. sealed canister protects drug from environment
2. easily portable
3. greater range of drugs available versus nebulizer
4. metering of dose is more reproducible
5. greater acceptance by pts

Question 30

disadvantages of metered dose inhalers

Answer 30

1. requires pt dexterity
2. only about 20% of drug is deposited in lung
3. sensation of cold from evaporating propellant can interfere with inhalation

Question 31

dosage forms in ocular route

Answer 31

solution, suspension, ointments, solids(rods, wafers, films can be inserted)

Question 32

otic route is primarily _____ action.

Answer 32

local

Question 33

most rapid method to supply drug to blood

Answer 33

intravenous route

Question 34

most dangerous route to administer drug

Answer 34

intravenous route

Question 35

main purpose of using sublingual dosage form

Answer 35

bypass liver metabolism