Exam 1 Drug Delivery Systems Flashcards
4 classifications of dosage forms
- Physical State
- Point of Application
- Delivery mode
- Technology of release
Example of controlled technology of release
extended release capsules
2 types of technology of release
conventional and controlled
5 considerations for dosage form
- Nature of the illness
- Need for local or systemic treatment
- Age and condition of pt
- Tolerability and adherence
- Cost
advantages of oral formulations
- comfort & convenience
- Management of accidental overdosing
- Systemic effect
- Local effect
- Relatively inexpensive
What is a tablet?
solid dosage form of highly compressed or molded powder ingredients
Advantages of tablets (6)
- easy to handle and swallow
- compact does and dosage can be adjusted by breaking
- can be coated to mask objectionable taste and odor
- can be formulated to avoid first-pass metabolism
- easy to manufacture and maintain in stable state
- difficult to adulterate
what is it called when the ingredients are encased in thin, hard shell made of suitable gelatin?
capsules
In capsules, most often its contents are ______.
dry powder
advantages of capsules
- easy to handle and swallow
- tasteless and odorless
- flexibility of dosing
issue with capsules
they are generally the same as tablets
what is a caplet?
coated tablets in shape of capsule
what are gelcaps/liqui-gel?
soft, capsule shaped, usually filled with drug suspended in oil.
advantages of liquids
- administration
- easy to adjust dose
- rapid absorption
disadvantages of liquids
- storage/shelf life
- taste must be acceptable
- easier for microbial growth versus solids
administration- some dosage forms require specific patient education
what are divided powders?
When the doses are divided into separate packages (example: theraflu)
these are not common for oral use but used in topical applications
bulk powders
these are designed to be sprinkled on food or mixed in liquid
divided powders
oral formulations can be administered via three ways
sublingual, bucal, or dermal
advantages of oral formulations
avoid first-pass effect
advantage for intranasal route
avoid first-pass effect or inactivation in GI tract as well as reduced systemic exposure
Goals of nasal delivery
- direct access to localized area
2. access to systemic effects via blood
pulmonary route dosage forms
solution, suspension, aerosol, dry powder
advantages of pulmonary route
- onset of action typically fast to immediate
2. avoid first-pass effect
dosage forms of aerosol solutions
- metered dose inhalers
2. nebulizers
advantages of nebulizers
- no need for hand-lung coordination
- reproducible droplet size
- smaller droplets
disadvantages of nebulizers
- cost
- no accurate way to know exact amount of drug delivered
- requires either large device or costly smaller device
MDIs employ volatile organic solvent as propellent, currently known as ____.
hydrofluoroalkaline
advantaged of metered dose inhalers
- sealed canister protects drug from environment
- easily portable
- greater range of drugs available versus nebulizer
- metering of dose is more reproducible
- greater acceptance by pts
disadvantages of metered dose inhalers
- requires pt dexterity
- only about 20% of drug is deposited in lung
- sensation of cold from evaporating propellant can interfere with inhalation
dosage forms in ocular route
solution, suspension, ointments, solids(rods, wafers, films can be inserted)
otic route is primarily _____ action.
local
most rapid method to supply drug to blood
intravenous route
most dangerous route to administer drug
intravenous route
main purpose of using sublingual dosage form
bypass liver metabolism
