Exam 2: Lecture 14 (Chapter ??) Flashcards
What are the four levels of plant organization
(Smallest) Cells —> Tissues —> Organs —> Organism (biggest)
What facilitates the indeterminate growth feature in plants
The Apical Meristem allows for plants to grow indefinitely as long as they can support their structure.
- The cells from the apical meristem differentiate into various tissues (stem, bark, leaves, etc…)
Primary Plant body
Derived from shoot and root apical meristems, composed of primary tissues. Primary plant body makes up the herbaceous parts of a plant
Secondary plant body
Derived from meristems (other than apical), and composed of secondary tissue (bark, wood)
in _______ _______ additional tissues are produced in the stem and root from the _______ ________
Woody species, lateral meristems
What are wood and bark in a plant
Wood is the secondary xylem, and bark is the secondary phloem and cork
What are the three basic organs of a plant
Roots, stems, and leaves
The _______ system takes up water and minerals from below ground, and the ______ system takes up CO2 and light from above ground
Root, Shoot
Describe the root system
Roots are organs that help the plant anchor, absorb minerals and water, and store carbohydrates
Describe the different parts of a root
Primary root: Emerges first
lateral root: improves anchorage and water absorption
Root Hairs: Near root tips, increase surface area of root
What are the functions of stems
Stems allow the plant to raise, help separate leaves and expose them to sunrise
Name and describe the different parts of the stem
Nodes: alternating points at which leaves attach
Internodes: stem segments between nodes
Apical Bud: growing shoot tip that causes the elongation of young shoots
What is the main function of leaves
The main function of leaves is to carry out photosynthesis; They also exchange gases, dissipate heat, and defend plants from herbivores and pathogens
What is the difference in venation between monocots and dicots
Monocots have primary veins that are parallel, while dicots have primary veins that are divergent in a net-like structure
_______ are modified stems arising in the axils of leaves of woody plants
Thorns
