Exam 2: Lecture 13 (Chapter 30)

Question 1

What separates Angiosperms from Gymnosperms

Answer 1

Angiosperms are seed plants with reproductive structures called flowers and fruits

Question 2

All angiosperms are classified under the _________ phylum

Answer 2

Magnoliophyta

Question 3

The Stamen of a flower contains the _______ and ______

Answer 3

Anther, Filament

Question 4

The Carpel of a flower contains the ______, _______, and the ______

Answer 4

Stigma, Style, Ovary

Question 5

What are the four rings of sporophylls on flowers

Answer 5

1. Sepals
2. Petals
3. Stamens
4. Carpals

Question 6

The function of the ________ are to help attract pollinators

Answer 6

Petals

Question 7

What is the function of the Sepal

Answer 7

Sepals enclose the plant before it opens

Question 8

The _______ produce microspores that develop into _________ which contain what?

Answer 8

Stamens, pollen grains, which contain male gametophytes

Question 9

What is the function of the Carpel in the reproductive flow of flowers

Answer 9

Carpals produce megaspores, which produce the female gametophyte in the flower

Question 10

What are the two haploid cells contained in the male gametophyte of a flower and what do they do

Answer 10

1. Generative cells: divides to form 2 sperm
2. Tube Cells: produces the pollen tube

Question 11

What is double fertilization

Answer 11

When the pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte inside the ovule.

Question 12

What two processes occur during double fertilization

Answer 12

1. One of the sperm cells fertilizes the egg, forming a diploid zygote
2. the second sperm cell fuses with two polar nuclei in the central cell to form a triploid cell

Question 13

What is the function of the triploid endosperm produced from double fertilization

Answer 13

The endosperm nourishes the developing embryo

Question 14

What is an imperfect flower and what are the two types

Answer 14

A flower that is missing either its stamens or carpels
1. Dioecious
2. Monoecious

Question 15

________ flowers have male and female flowers on separate plants

Answer 15

Dioecious

Question 16

_________ flowers have male and female flowers on the same plant

Answer 16

monecious

Question 17

What are the two classifications of monocots and dicots, and what do they mean

Answer 17

1. Monocots: monophyletic flowers
2. Dicots: Polyphyletic flowers

Question 18

What are the four groups of angiosperms

Answer 18

1. Monocots
2. Dicots
3. Basal Angiosperms
4. Magnoliids

Question 19

What are the characteristics of Monocot flowers

Answer 19

• One cotyledon (embryo)
• Parallel leaf veins
• Scattered vascular tissue
• Fibrous root systems (no main root)
• One pollen grain opening
• Floral organs in multiples of 3

Question 20

What are the characteristics of Dicot flowers

Answer 20

• Two cotyledons (embryo)
• Netlike veins on leaf
• Ring-like vascular tissue structure
• Taproot system (main root)
• Three openings on pollen grain
• Floral organs in multiples of 4/5

Question 21

_______ ________ include the oldest known lineage of flowering plants

Answer 21

Basal Angiosperms

Question 22

_________ include magnolias, laurels, and black pepper plants and are more closely related to monocots and dicots

Answer 22

Magnoliids

Question 23

The process of ________ is the act of transferring pollen grains from a male _______ of a flower to the female _______

Answer 23

Pollination, Anther, Stigma

Question 24

Define co-evolution

Answer 24

When two interacting species evolve in response to pressures imposed on each other.
- Flower morphology often matches pollinators

Question 25

Pollination syndrome

Answer 25

Flower traits that have evolved in response to natural selection imposed by different pollen vectors

Question 26

What are three advantages to being a Generalist flower

Answer 26

1. Attracts a wide variety of pollinators
2. Change in one species of pollinators does not affect flower species
3. Increased chances of pollination

Question 27

What are three advantages of being a specialist flower (pollination)

Answer 27

1. Efficient and targetted pollination
2. Strong mutualistic relationships with specific pollinators
3. Reduced competition for pollination services

Question 28

A fruit is a ______-_______ structure that develops from the ________ of a flowering plant

Answer 28

seed-bearing, ovary

Question 29

What are the three structures in the anatomy of a fruit

Answer 29

Exocarp: Skin
Endocarp: Inner boundary around seed
Mesocarp: Tissue between exocarp and endocarp
Pericarp: All three regions together

Question 30

What is the difference between fleshy fruits and dry fruits

Answer 30

Fleshy fruits’ mesocarps are partly fleshy at maturity while dry fruits are dry (think acorns)

Question 31

________ fruits are dry or fleshy and develop from a pistil

Answer 31

Simple fruits

Question 32

_________ fruits are derived from a single flower with many pistils

Answer 32

Aggregate fruits

Question 33

How are multiple fruits developed

Answer 33

they develop from the fusion of ovaries from multiple flowers called an inflorescence formation,

ex: pineapples, figs, mulberries, etc….

Question 34

Name and describe the different classes of simple fleshy fruits

Answer 34

1. Berry: from simple or compound ovary, more than one seed and fleshy pericarp
2. Drupe: Simple fleshy fruit with single seed that is enclosed by hard/stony
   endocarp (peaches, cherry, etc…)

Question 35

What is the difference between Follicles and Legumes (dehiscent dry fruits)

Answer 35

Follicles split along one side, while legumes split along two sides