Exam 2 Kahoots Flashcards
what does the PM do?
stes a cell’s shape, motility and connect not the ECM and other cells
what can the PM bind?
the PM can also bind paracrine, endocrines and neurotransmitters which are all chemical messengers
what type of molecule is cholesterol? in what ratio is it found in the cell?
cholesterol is amphipathic because it has a polar head but most of it is non polar
found in a 1:1 ratio with phospholipids
what has a 1:100 ratio in the cell?
polar to non-polar
what does cholesterol increase the barrier for?
the plasma membrane is a barrier to hydrophilic molecules and cholesterol increases the barrier to small lipophobic molecules
PM is a barrier to polar items like water which are also known as hydrophilic which also means lipophobic
how does stiffness help with vesicle formation?
cholesterol will increase the stiffness of the PM
construction paper is better for paper airplanes than tissue paper
what is the protein: phospholipid ratio? what percent of the mass of the PM do proteins make up?
proteins are found in a 1:50 ratio with phospholipids and account for 50% of the mass of the plasma membrane
what is true of an integral protein?
they cannot be removed without damaging the plasma membrane, they are amphipathic and they extend through the membrane
most of the integral proteins are transmembrane, extending through the entire membrane
what do integral proteins serve as?
channel, receptor or an anchor
being an anchor means they can connect to the ECM
which direction do peripheral proteins face?
peripheral proteins are not integral proteins and are found facing the intracellular fluid side of the cell
what do peripheral proteins do?
peripheral proteins impact the shape and motility of the cell
they don’t anchor to the ECM (that’s what integral proteins do)(also peripheral proteins are typically found on the inside of the cell)
they don’t impact the communication and signaling of the cell
how are glycocalyx attached to the cell?
typically anchored to phospholipids or integral proteins
what are gap junctions made by?
connexons
allow for both intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid flow between two cells
what are desmosomes?
desmosomes make up the strongest connection between cells and are made by cadherins from both cell
allow for only interstitial flow between cells
what are tight junctions made by?
cloudiness from both cells
allow of Arno interstitial or intracellular fluid flow between two cells
what are examples of substrate level phosphorylation?
Glycolysis, krebs cycle, and phosphorylation from creatine phosphate
what’s an example of oxidative phosphorylation? does it require energy?
example of oxidative phosphorylation includes ETC and requires energy input to directly transfer free Pi to ADP
in oxidative phosphorylation the phosphate is free
which cycle can run anaerobically?
glycolysis
krebs and ETC need oxygen
what indirectly requires oxygen?
krebs
does oxidative phosphorylation directly require oxygen?
Yes!
ETC uses oxidative phosphorylation and won’t run without oxygen
where does glycolysis occur?
cytosol
what are functions of the ETC?
production of free radicals, recycling of FADH2 and NADH
makes NAD+ and FAD+
does diffusion through a protein channel require binding?
diffusion through a protein channel follows its concentration gradient which does not require energy
solute does not need to bind to the channel to go through
what binds to a chemically gated channel?
ligand binds to chemically gated channels to cause opening or closing of the channel
when do mechanically gated channels open?
mechanically gated channels open when the plasma membrane is bent or stretched which forces the protein to open
what do aquaporins do?
allow the movement of water across the membrane
