Exam 13: April 17-24 Flashcards
what is inside alveoli?
air that diffuses out into the circulatory system
what are alveoli?
alveoli are chambers within the lungs surrounded by the circulatory system capillaries to do exchange
what are the characteristics of alveoli?
they create lots of surface area and have very thin walls because of diffusion
what are the types of alveoli cells?
type I and type II
what are type I alveolar cells?
gas exchange
thin cells that reduce distance for diffusion and also have big surface area
what are type II alveolar cells?
surfactant
they look like regular cells, don’t have extra surface area or decreased distance
they keep alveoli open
why do we need type II alveolar cells?
water from your body is pushing on air so not much hydrostatic pressure is needed to take out Type I cells since they won’t be able to withstand water inside your body
so you somehow need to keep air bubbles from collapsing on themselves from push of water which is what Type II cells do
what do type II cells produce?
a blue film aka surfactant which allows air bubbles to withstand hydrostatic pressure
helps out the type I cells by decreasing surface tension
what is surfactant?
it’s a soapy solution secreted by type II cells to ensure that alveoli don’t collapse
it’s reduces surface tension and allows air bubbles to last
what cells in babies respiratory systems are not developed?
immature babies don’t have developed Type II cells so they would breath in air and their alveoli would collapse
so to help them, they gave them a soapy solution until their Type II cells develop to maximize surface area
what is the effect of having undeveloped type II cells?
reduced surface area of alveoli because they are collapsing
reduced surface area means not enough oxygen exchange so the body isn’t making enough ATP
what are the limits of the thoracic cavity?
ribs on the sides and the top
diaphragm on the bottom of the thoracic cavity
what are the contents of the thoracic cavity?
the lungs and heart
what controls the size of the thoracic cavity?
intercostal muscles and diaphragm
what do the intercostal muscles do?
they control the position of your ribs
they don’t move your lungs, they move your skeleton! aka the ribs
what does Bronson want to open when she retires?
an intercostal restaurant
when you’re eating ribs you’re actually eating intercostal muscle!
what type of muscle are the intercostal muscle and diaphragm?
skeletal!!
we have control over our breathing aka it’s under somatic control
how come we don’t have to think about breathing even though our intercostal and diaphragm aren’t under autonomic control?
we can control skeletal muscles with reflexed!
so we don’t always have to control these muscles through the motor cortex, we can do it through the spine
what is the pleural sac?
it’s a water-filled balloon around the lungs
it’s a super thin film
it has two walls: one associated with the thoracic cavity and another wall associated with the lungs
in between the two walls is fluid
what are the parts of the pleural sac?
the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura
in between the parietal and visceral pleura is pleural fluid that serves to prevent friction between the two layers
what is the parietal pleura?
it’s the outside wall of the pleural sac connected to the thoracic cavity
what is the visceral pleura?
it’s the inside wall of the pleural cavity connected to the lungs
what are the lungs attached to?
the visceral and parietal pleural are layers/lining around the lungs so the lungs themselves aren’t attached to the ribs
the lungs are indirectly attached to the bones since your bones are connected to the parietal pleural
what is the purpose of the pleural fluid?
water is polar so the hydrogen bonds make water cohesive and fluid which allows for movement transfer
when you move the parietal pleural (since it’s attached to your ribs) the pleural fluid transferred the movement and passed it along to the visceral pleura
if you put too much water or you put in the pleural cavity then the two walls will move separately