Exam 2: Joint Articulations Flashcards
What are the three functional classes of joint?
- Synarthrotic joints -> immovable joints
- Amphiarthrotic joints -> slightly movable joints
- Diarthrotic joints -> freely movable joints
What are the three structural classes of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Which type of joint has a joint cavity?
Synovial joints
Name the three types of fibrous joints.
- Sutures in the skull (synarthrotic in adults, amphiarthrotic in babies)
- Gomphoses located between the teeth and bony alveolar sockets (synarthrotic)
- Syndesmoses -> bones connected by interosseous membranes or bones connected by ligaments (synarthrotic)
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
- Plane joints
- Pivot joints
- Saddle joints
- Hinge joints
- Condyloid joints
- Ball-and-socket joints
T/F: All synovial joints are diarthrotic joints.
T
Name the class and subtype of joint shown.
Fibrous joint -> Suture
Name the class and subtype of joint shown.
Fibrous joint -> Syndesmosis
Name the class and subtype of the joint shown.
Fibrous joint -> Gomphosis
Which fibrous joints are considered amphiarthrotic?
- Sutures in a baby skull
- syndesmosis joints of bones that are connected by interosseous membranes
Which fibrous joints are considered synarthrotic?
- Sutures in adult skull
- Gomphoses
- Syndesmosis joints of bones connected by ligaments
What are the types of carilaginous joints?
- Synchondroses -> joints with bones connected via hyaline cartilage
- Symphyses -> joints with bones connected by fibrocartilage
T/F: Synchondrosis joints are amphiarthrotic.
F; They’re synarthrotic
T/F: Symphyses joints are amphiarthrotic
T
An epiphyseal plate is an example of a ___ joint.
synchondroses (cartilaginous)
An intervertebral disc is an example of a ___ joint.
Symphyses (cartilaginous)
What are the movements allowed at synovial joints?
- Gliding: slipping movements
- Flexion: decreases angle of a joint
3/ Extension: Increases angle of a joint - Abduction: moving a limb AWAY from the midline
- Adduction: moving a limb TOWARD from the midline
- Circumduction: movement
- Rotation: movement of a bone around an axis
Identify the type of synovial joints; Name the types of movements it allows.
Plane joint; Gliding
Describe the articulating surfaces of plane joints.
both articulating surfaces are flat
Describe the articulating surfaces of a hinge joint. Give an example.
one articulating surface is cylindrical and the other surface is a trough; elbow and knee joints
Describe the articulating surfaces of a pivot joint. Give an example.
One is round; one is a sleeve or ring. Radioulnar; ATLANTOAXIAL JOINT (no)
What is the joint the allows us to motion ‘no” with our head?
Atlantoaxial joint (type of pivot joint)
describe the articulating surfaces of a condyloid joint. Give an exampke.
one is oval protrusion;other is oval depression; knuckles; atlanto occipital joint
What is the joint that allows us to motion “yes” with our head?
Atlanto-occipital joint
Describe the articulating surfaces of the saddle joint. Give an example.
one bone is both convex and concave; other bone has concave and convex surfaces (in reverse); only example is carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Describe the articulating surfaces of a ball and socket joint. Give an example.
one is a spherical head; other is a cuplike socket; shoulder joint, hip joint
What movements are allowed by hinge joints?
Flexion/Extension
What movements are allowed by a pivot joint?
Rotation
What movements are allowed by a condyloid joint?
Flexion/Extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction
What movements are allowed by a saddle joint?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
What movements are allowed by a ball and socket joint?
All of them, flexion extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction, gliding
Name the 4 structural differences between a child skeleton and an adult skeleton.
- Metaphyses -> child has epiphyseal plate, adult has epiphyseal lines
- Medullary cavity marrow -> child: red, Adult:yellow
- Sutures: Amphiarthrotic in child, synarthrotic in adults
- Gomphoses -> amphiarthrotic in child, synarthrotic in adults
