Exam 2: Integument Glossary Terms Flashcards
Acantholysis
Loss of cohesion between keratinocytes d/t breakdown of intercellular bridges
Acanthosis
Thickening of the spinous layer (SS) of the epidermis
Acral
Distal part of extremities
Anagen
Phase of hair cycle in which hair synthesis takes place
Anaplasia
Lack of cellular differentiation and organization, a feature of neoplastic cells
Angioedema
Vascular reaction involving the deep dermis/subcutis and consisting of edema manifested as giant wheals and caused by dilation and increased permeability of capillaries (deeper version of urticaria)
Ballooning degeneration
Marked intracellular fluid accumulation in the cells of the epidermis
Blister (vesicle or bulla)
Localized collection of fluid usually in or beneath the epidermis
Bulla
Large blister >1 cm
Carcinoma in situ
Malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin that has not invaded through basement membrane
Catagen
Transition phase of the hair cycle between growth and resting phases
Comedo/comedones
Plug of follicular SC and dried sebum in a hair follicle that leads to follicular distension
Crust
Material formed by drying of exudate or secretion on the skin surface
Dematiaceous
Naturally pigmented black or brown mycelium or conidium
Dermatophytosis
Infection of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, hair, or claws with fungi of the genera Microsporum, Epidermophyton, or Trichophyton
Dermatosis
Non-inflammatory lesion of the skin
Dyskeratosis
Abnormal, premature, or imperfect keratinization
Dysplasia
Abnormal development - may be used in association with a congenital or inherited developmental anomaly or in association with an abnormality in maturation of cells within a tissue
Effluvium
Shedding of hair
Elastosis
Degeneration of dermal connective tissue leading to accumulation of elastotic fibers; sometimes seen with solar dermatitis
Epidermal collarette
Peripheral expanding ring of scale
Epidermolysis
Separation of the epidermis from the dermis
Epidermotropic/Epitheliotropic
Having a predilection to enter the epidermis or other epithelial structures as seen with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
Erosion
Loss of all or part of the thickness of the epidermis
Eruption
Rapid development of skin lesion associated with redness
Eythema
Redness of skin due to congestion of capillaries
Exogen
Stage of the hair cycle where old hairs are shed
Fissure
Cleft or groove
Furuncle
Circumscribed, painful nodule (accumulation of pus) in the dermis secondary to follicular rupture
Furunculosis
Rupture of follicles usually due to inflammation, distension, and or trauma leading to entry of follicular contents into the dermis
Genodermatosis
Genetically determined disorder of the skin
Glabrous
Smooth skin, hairless skin
Hamartoma
Localized, tumor-like malformation of mature cells and tissues that includes normal components of the organ in which the hamartoma arises, but that is disorganized, present in excess and is sometimes larger than normal. Usually, one tissue element predominates (e.g. follicular hamartoma, vascular hamartoma)
Not a true neoplasm as it involves the proliferation of more than one cell type and often includes the development of complex structures such as arteries or follicles
Hydropic degeneration
Intracellular fluid accumulation in cells of the basal epidermis
Hyperkeratosis
Histologic term for thickening of stratum corneum
Hyperplasia
Increase in number of normal cells
Hypotrichosis
Less hair than normal
Ichthyosis
Congenital skin disorder in which the skin is thickened by scales (hyperkeratosis) that can crack into plates resembling fish scales
Impetigo
Bacterial dermatitis characterized by pustules
Indolent
Slow growing, a term applied to persistent ulcers on the lips of cats, and sometimes incorrectly called “rodent ulcer,” a term from the human literature used to refer to ulcerated basal cell carcinoma.
Indurated
Hardening of the skin due to inflammation or fibrosis
Interface
Inflammation arranged in a layer close to and often obscuring the epidermal-dermal junction (interface), and with vacuolated (hydropic degeneration) and sometimes apoptotic basal cells; the inflammation can be mild (cell poor) or extensive (cell rich)
Intertrigo
Dermatitis that develops because of friction between apposing skin surfaces
Keratinocytes
Epidermal cells that synthesize keratin and comprise more than 90% of epidermal cells
Keratosis/keratoses
Uncommon to rare circumscribed papular, plaquelike, or linear focus of proliferative keratinocytes covered by thick stratum corneum; keratoses can be caused by sun exposure (solar or actinic keratoses) or can be idiopathic (lichenoid, linear, cannon [metatarsal bone] keratoses)
Langerhans’ cells
Intraepidermal dendritic APCs
Lichenification
Thickening of skin with accentuation of skin creases due to marked acanthosis
Lichenoid
Confusing term that generally refers to a dense zone of dermal inflammation parallel to the epidermis usually without basal cell injury
Lichenoid dermatosis
Conventional term for uncommon to rare, often idiopathic, single or grouped papules, plaques, or papillomatous foci covered by scale, and histologically composed of epidermal hyperplasia, lichenoid lymphoplasmacytic dermal inflammation, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. The term dermatitis is probably better than dermatosis as inflammation is present in these lesions
Macule
Flat, circumscribed lesion of altered skin color
Melanin
Dark granular pigment produced by melanocytes that is responsible for the brown coloration of hair, skin, and other tissues such as the iris and choroid of the eye
Kerion
Intense focal folliculitis usually caused by a dermatophyte infection
Kerion
Intense focal folliculitis usually caused by a dermatophyte infection
Melanophage
Macrophage containing ingested melanin
Merkel cell
Neuroendocrine cell founding stratum basale
Mucin
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), a normal component of the intercellular ground substance of the dermis, consists of protein bound to hyaluronic acid
Mycelium
Mass of hyphae
Mycetoma
Slowly progressive infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and sometimes underlying bone caused by traumatic implantation of actinomycetes (actinomycotic mycetoma) or fungi (eumycotic mycetoma)
Myxedema
Non-pitting edema of the skin because of abnormal deposits of mucin in the dermis
Nodule
Circumscribed, solid elevation of skin (>1 cm)
Onychodystrophy
Abnormal formation of the claw
Onychomadesis
Sloughing of claws
Panniculitis
Inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue
Papule
Circumscribed, solid elevation of skin (<1 cm)
Parakeratosis
Retention of pyknotic nuclei in epidermal cells of the stratum corneun
Paronychia
Inflammation of skin around claws
Pautrier’s microabscesses
Localized intraepidermal collection of neoplastic lymphocytes characteristic of epitheliotropic lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
Pemphigus
Group of cutaneous diseases associated with blistering
Phaeohyphomycosis
Mycotic disease caused by pigmented fungi (dematiaceous fungi) of a variety of genera and species that do not form sclerotic bodies or granules
Pigmentary incontinence
Melanin pigment within dermal macrophages or free in the dermis developing via injury to pigment containing basal layer cells
Plaque
Flat-topped, solid elevation in the skin that occupies a relatively large surface area in comparison with its height
Pruritis
Itching
Pustule
Small, circumscribed accumulation of pus within the epidermis or within a hair follicle
Pyoderma
Pyogenic (pus-producing) bacterial infection of the skin
Scale
Thin, platelike accumulation of stratum corneum on surface of skin
Seborrhea
Non-specific term for clinical signs of scaling, crusting, and greasiness. Primary seborrhea is a more specific term applied to inherited cornification disorders
Spongiosis
Intercellular edema which, by widening of the intercellular space and stretching of the “intercellular bridges,” creates a spongelike appearance to the epidermis
Telogen
Resting phase of hair cycle
Ulcer
Loss of epidermis and at least the superficial portion of dermis
Urticaria
Usually transient vascular reaction in the upper dermis consisting of edema manifested clinically as wheals (hives); a more superficial version of angioedema
Vesicle
Small blister within the epidermis or at/below the dermal-epidermal interface (<1.0 cm)
Vibrissa
Long, coarse hair located about the nose
Vitiligo
Acquired disorder characterized by circumscribed areas of depigmentation in the skin
Wheal
Smooth, circumscribed, slightly elevated area on skin caused by dermal edema
