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Systemic Pathology 2018 > Exam 2: Integument Glossary Terms > Flashcards

Exam 2: Integument Glossary Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Acantholysis

A

Loss of cohesion between keratinocytes d/t breakdown of intercellular bridges

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2
Q

Acanthosis

A

Thickening of the spinous layer (SS) of the epidermis

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3
Q

Acral

A

Distal part of extremities

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4
Q

Anagen

A

Phase of hair cycle in which hair synthesis takes place

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5
Q

Anaplasia

A

Lack of cellular differentiation and organization, a feature of neoplastic cells

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6
Q

Angioedema

A

Vascular reaction involving the deep dermis/subcutis and consisting of edema manifested as giant wheals and caused by dilation and increased permeability of capillaries (deeper version of urticaria)

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7
Q

Ballooning degeneration

A

Marked intracellular fluid accumulation in the cells of the epidermis

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8
Q

Blister (vesicle or bulla)

A

Localized collection of fluid usually in or beneath the epidermis

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9
Q

Bulla

A

Large blister >1 cm

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10
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

Malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin that has not invaded through basement membrane

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11
Q

Catagen

A

Transition phase of the hair cycle between growth and resting phases

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12
Q

Comedo/comedones

A

Plug of follicular SC and dried sebum in a hair follicle that leads to follicular distension

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13
Q

Crust

A

Material formed by drying of exudate or secretion on the skin surface

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14
Q

Dematiaceous

A

Naturally pigmented black or brown mycelium or conidium

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15
Q

Dermatophytosis

A

Infection of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, hair, or claws with fungi of the genera Microsporum, Epidermophyton, or Trichophyton

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16
Q

Dermatosis

A

Non-inflammatory lesion of the skin

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17
Q

Dyskeratosis

A

Abnormal, premature, or imperfect keratinization

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18
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal development - may be used in association with a congenital or inherited developmental anomaly or in association with an abnormality in maturation of cells within a tissue

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19
Q

Effluvium

A

Shedding of hair

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20
Q

Elastosis

A

Degeneration of dermal connective tissue leading to accumulation of elastotic fibers; sometimes seen with solar dermatitis

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21
Q

Epidermal collarette

A

Peripheral expanding ring of scale

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22
Q

Epidermolysis

A

Separation of the epidermis from the dermis

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23
Q

Epidermotropic/Epitheliotropic

A

Having a predilection to enter the epidermis or other epithelial structures as seen with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

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24
Q

Erosion

A

Loss of all or part of the thickness of the epidermis

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25
Q

Eruption

A

Rapid development of skin lesion associated with redness

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26
Q

Eythema

A

Redness of skin due to congestion of capillaries

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27
Q

Exogen

A

Stage of the hair cycle where old hairs are shed

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28
Q

Fissure

A

Cleft or groove

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29
Q

Furuncle

A

Circumscribed, painful nodule (accumulation of pus) in the dermis secondary to follicular rupture

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30
Q

Furunculosis

A

Rupture of follicles usually due to inflammation, distension, and or trauma leading to entry of follicular contents into the dermis

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31
Q

Genodermatosis

A

Genetically determined disorder of the skin

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32
Q

Glabrous

A

Smooth skin, hairless skin

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33
Q

Hamartoma

A

Localized, tumor-like malformation of mature cells and tissues that includes normal components of the organ in which the hamartoma arises, but that is disorganized, present in excess and is sometimes larger than normal. Usually, one tissue element predominates (e.g. follicular hamartoma, vascular hamartoma)
Not a true neoplasm as it involves the proliferation of more than one cell type and often includes the development of complex structures such as arteries or follicles

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34
Q

Hydropic degeneration

A

Intracellular fluid accumulation in cells of the basal epidermis

35
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Histologic term for thickening of stratum corneum

36
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in number of normal cells

37
Q

Hypotrichosis

A

Less hair than normal

38
Q

Ichthyosis

A

Congenital skin disorder in which the skin is thickened by scales (hyperkeratosis) that can crack into plates resembling fish scales

39
Q

Impetigo

A

Bacterial dermatitis characterized by pustules

40
Q

Indolent

A

Slow growing, a term applied to persistent ulcers on the lips of cats, and sometimes incorrectly called “rodent ulcer,” a term from the human literature used to refer to ulcerated basal cell carcinoma.

41
Q

Indurated

A

Hardening of the skin due to inflammation or fibrosis

42
Q

Interface

A

Inflammation arranged in a layer close to and often obscuring the epidermal-dermal junction (interface), and with vacuolated (hydropic degeneration) and sometimes apoptotic basal cells; the inflammation can be mild (cell poor) or extensive (cell rich)

43
Q

Intertrigo

A

Dermatitis that develops because of friction between apposing skin surfaces

44
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Epidermal cells that synthesize keratin and comprise more than 90% of epidermal cells

45
Q

Keratosis/keratoses

A

Uncommon to rare circumscribed papular, plaquelike, or linear focus of proliferative keratinocytes covered by thick stratum corneum; keratoses can be caused by sun exposure (solar or actinic keratoses) or can be idiopathic (lichenoid, linear, cannon [metatarsal bone] keratoses)

46
Q

Langerhans’ cells

A

Intraepidermal dendritic APCs

47
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickening of skin with accentuation of skin creases due to marked acanthosis

48
Q

Lichenoid

A

Confusing term that generally refers to a dense zone of dermal inflammation parallel to the epidermis usually without basal cell injury

49
Q

Lichenoid dermatosis

A

Conventional term for uncommon to rare, often idiopathic, single or grouped papules, plaques, or papillomatous foci covered by scale, and histologically composed of epidermal hyperplasia, lichenoid lymphoplasmacytic dermal inflammation, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. The term dermatitis is probably better than dermatosis as inflammation is present in these lesions

50
Q

Macule

A

Flat, circumscribed lesion of altered skin color

51
Q

Melanin

A

Dark granular pigment produced by melanocytes that is responsible for the brown coloration of hair, skin, and other tissues such as the iris and choroid of the eye

52
Q

Kerion

A

Intense focal folliculitis usually caused by a dermatophyte infection

53
Q

Kerion

A

Intense focal folliculitis usually caused by a dermatophyte infection

54
Q

Melanophage

A

Macrophage containing ingested melanin

55
Q

Merkel cell

A

Neuroendocrine cell founding stratum basale

56
Q

Mucin

A

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), a normal component of the intercellular ground substance of the dermis, consists of protein bound to hyaluronic acid

57
Q

Mycelium

A

Mass of hyphae

58
Q

Mycetoma

A

Slowly progressive infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and sometimes underlying bone caused by traumatic implantation of actinomycetes (actinomycotic mycetoma) or fungi (eumycotic mycetoma)

59
Q

Myxedema

A

Non-pitting edema of the skin because of abnormal deposits of mucin in the dermis

60
Q

Nodule

A

Circumscribed, solid elevation of skin (>1 cm)

61
Q

Onychodystrophy

A

Abnormal formation of the claw

62
Q

Onychomadesis

A

Sloughing of claws

63
Q

Panniculitis

A

Inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue

64
Q

Papule

A

Circumscribed, solid elevation of skin (<1 cm)

65
Q

Parakeratosis

A

Retention of pyknotic nuclei in epidermal cells of the stratum corneun

66
Q

Paronychia

A

Inflammation of skin around claws

67
Q

Pautrier’s microabscesses

A

Localized intraepidermal collection of neoplastic lymphocytes characteristic of epitheliotropic lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

68
Q

Pemphigus

A

Group of cutaneous diseases associated with blistering

69
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis

A

Mycotic disease caused by pigmented fungi (dematiaceous fungi) of a variety of genera and species that do not form sclerotic bodies or granules

70
Q

Pigmentary incontinence

A

Melanin pigment within dermal macrophages or free in the dermis developing via injury to pigment containing basal layer cells

71
Q

Plaque

A

Flat-topped, solid elevation in the skin that occupies a relatively large surface area in comparison with its height

72
Q

Pruritis

A

Itching

73
Q

Pustule

A

Small, circumscribed accumulation of pus within the epidermis or within a hair follicle

74
Q

Pyoderma

A

Pyogenic (pus-producing) bacterial infection of the skin

75
Q

Scale

A

Thin, platelike accumulation of stratum corneum on surface of skin

76
Q

Seborrhea

A

Non-specific term for clinical signs of scaling, crusting, and greasiness. Primary seborrhea is a more specific term applied to inherited cornification disorders

77
Q

Spongiosis

A

Intercellular edema which, by widening of the intercellular space and stretching of the “intercellular bridges,” creates a spongelike appearance to the epidermis

78
Q

Telogen

A

Resting phase of hair cycle

79
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis and at least the superficial portion of dermis

80
Q

Urticaria

A

Usually transient vascular reaction in the upper dermis consisting of edema manifested clinically as wheals (hives); a more superficial version of angioedema

81
Q

Vesicle

A

Small blister within the epidermis or at/below the dermal-epidermal interface (<1.0 cm)

82
Q

Vibrissa

A

Long, coarse hair located about the nose

83
Q

Vitiligo

A

Acquired disorder characterized by circumscribed areas of depigmentation in the skin

84
Q

Wheal

A

Smooth, circumscribed, slightly elevated area on skin caused by dermal edema

Systemic Pathology 2018 (12 decks)

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