Exam 2: Endocrine - Dr. Craft

Question 1

Answer 1

Pituitary cyst resulting in juvenile panhypopituitarism

Cystic Rathke’s pouch - gray

GSD!

Question 2

Answer 2

Corticotrophy adenoma leading to hyperadrenocorticism

ACTH secreting

Bostons, Boxers, Dachshunds

Note: sunken in, macroadenoma in pars intermedia

Question 3

Answer 3

Pars intermedia (melanotroph) adenoma

PPID in horses

Hypertrichosis*

Question 4

Answer 4

Acromegaly d/t somatotroph adenoma

Predisposes to insulin-resistant DM in cats

Question 5

Answer 5

Nodular adrenal cortical hyperplasia

d/t excessive ACTH from functional pituitary adenoma, resulting in hyperadrenocortism

Can affect any zone, often BILATERAL - uniform

If functional, will get atrophy of remaining cortex

Question 6

Answer 6

Bilateral adrenal gland hyperplasia

Question 7

Answer 7

Adrenal cortical adenoma

UNILATERAL, well-demarcated

Most often functional - contralateral adrenal cortical atrophy

Associated with hyperadrenocorticism

Question 8

Answer 8

Adrenal cortical adenocarcinoma

Less common, older dogs

Can be bilateral, often functional

Highly invasive, mets

Question 9

Answer 9

Hyperadrenocorticism

PU/PD d/t ADH function interference or central DI with pituitary lesion

Question 10

Answer 10

Calcinosis cutis d/t hyperadrenocorticism

Question 11

Answer 11

Adrenocortical atrophy/destruction d/t hypoadrenocorticism

Adrenal glands mainly medulla

Question 12

Answer 12

Microcardia d/t hypoadrenocorticism

High K and low Na/Cl (because no aldosterone) >> hypovolemia and bradycardia

Question 13

Answer 13

Pheochromocytoma

Note: red tumor, unlike tan cortical tumors

Question 14

Answer 14

Pheochromocytoma

Question 15

Answer 15

Adrenal hemorrhage

Newborns probably d/t birth trauma

Other causes: exhausted stress response (death), toxemia, septicemia

Question 16

Answer 16

Goiter - non-neoplastic enlargement of thyroid gland

Causes: iodine deficiency, iodine excess, goitrogens (plants/drugs/excess iodine), defects in synthesis of thyroid hormones

Can be diffuse or multinodular

Diffuse d/t TSH induced response

Question 17

Answer 17

Iodine deficiency goiter

Question 18

Answer 18

Thyroid remnants d/t idiopathic follicular atrophy

End stage autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis?

Question 19

Answer 19

Idiopathic thyroid atrophy

Right = remaining thyroid, left = adipose

End stage autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis?

Question 20

Answer 20

Idiopathic follicular atrophy

End stage autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis?

Blue = lymphocytes, pink = fibrosis

Question 21

Answer 21

Lymphoplasmacytic thyroiditis

Autoimmune - infiltration of thyroid reactive t-lymphs

Triggered by genetic + environment

Question 22

Answer 22

Follicular adenoma of thyroid

Discrete tan/brown nodules

This one is not functional because thyroid gland on other side is normal sized

Cats >>> dogs

Feline often function = hyperthyroidism

Question 23

Answer 23

Follicular carincoma of thyroid

Arise from ectopic thyroid tissue

Right = carcinoma, not functional

Dogs, most non-functional

Typically invasive, met

Question 24

Answer 24

Thyroid c-cell adenoma (left) and carcinoma (right)

Most common equine thyroid tumor = adenoma, incidental

Dairy bulls, dogs = carcinoma

Question 25

Answer 25

Fibrous osteodystrophy d/t nutritional hyperparathyroidism

Excess phosphorous/deficient calcium or vitamin D > increased PTH mobilizes calcium

Question 26

Answer 26

Fibrous osteodystrophy d/t renal secondary hyperparathyroidism

Renal disease > decreased GFR > hyperphosphatemia > increased PTH