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Clinical Neuroscience > Exam 2 Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Exam 2 Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

olfactory nerve

A

sensory, olfaction.

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2
Q

how does a lesion of the olfactory nerve present

A

inability to smell

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3
Q

what happens with the olfactory nerve, and how can we smell

A

the olfactory cortex, goes to the insula of the temporal lobe, and amygdala and parahippogyrus, and then we can make decisions, it can have declarative memories and can give us an emotional or hunger response.

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4
Q

what are special about the first two cranial nerves

A

they have no peripheral components. They are surrounded with oligodendrocytes, so they are affected by diseases like MS.

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5
Q

what is the optic nerve

A

sensory, vision. AFFERENTS for the pupillary and ciliary (accommodation).

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6
Q

what does a lesion of the optic nerve look like

A

impaired pupil constriction and accommodation.

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7
Q

how do we test the optic nerve

A

equity, eye chart, and also light in the pupil

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8
Q

oculomotor nerve

A

motor and parasympathetic

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9
Q

what is the motor component of the oculomotor nerve

A

superior, inferior and medial rectus, and the inferior oblique. also levator palpebrae, and EFFERENTS for VOR.

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10
Q

what happens to the motor component of the oculomotor with a lesion

A

unable to move the eye, up down and medially. the eye will deviate inferiorly and lateral, and the eye lid with droop. and nystagmus

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11
Q

what is the parasympathetic portion of the oculomotor nerve

A

sphincter of pupil, ciliary of the lens, and the EFFERENT for pupillary and accommodation.

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12
Q

what happens to the parasympathetic component of the oculomotor with a lesion

A

pupil dilation and blurred vision because of the loss of accommodation.

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13
Q

trochlear nerve

A

motor to the superior oblique and the EFFERENT for the VOR

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14
Q

what happens with a lesion to the trochlear nerve

A

hard time moving the eye, and diplopia.

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15
Q

trigeminal nerve

A

sensory and motor

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16
Q

what is the sensory part of the trigeminal nerve

A

somatosensation of the face, TMJ, and AFFERENT for the corneal reflex.

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17
Q

what happens if there is a lesion in the sensory part of the trigeminal nerve

A

trigeminal neuralgia, and loss of tactile sensation of the face.

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18
Q

what is the motor part of the trigeminal nerve

A

muscles of mastication (masseter, pterygoids, temporalis)
soft palate (tensor veli palatine)
throat (digastric and mylohyoid)
middle ear (tensor tympani)

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19
Q

what happens with a lesion to the motor part of the trigeminal nerve

A

weakness in biting or chewing, jaw jerk reflex

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20
Q

what does a jaw jerk reflex reflect

A

and UMN lesion. but not the L or the R.

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21
Q

how can we test the motor component of the trigeminal

A

have them chew, and clench and open, and look for deviations because of the pterygoids

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22
Q

if there is weakness in the pterygoid, there will be deviation to the

A

side of weakness.

23
Q

describe the path of light touch in the trigeminal ganglia.

A

1: main sensory nucleus of the pons,
2: decussates, then to VPM thalamus
3: somatosensory cortex.

24
Q

describe the path of nocioception on a delta and c-fibers to the trigeminal ganglion

A

into the pons, descends as trigeminal nerve to the C-spine, then

1: spinal trigeminal nucleus
2: decussates, then to VPM thalamus
3: somatosensory cortex. .

25
Q

abducens

A

motor to the lateral rectus and EFFERENT for VOR

26
Q

what happens with a lesion to the abducens

A

eye deviates medially, diplopia.

27
Q

what CN are involved in the VOR

A

3,4,6

28
Q

what is the VOR

A

vestibulooccular reflex. ability to keep eyes on a moving target, so doll eyes

29
Q

what components does the facial nerve have

A

motor sensory and parasympathetic

30
Q

what is the sensory part of the facial nerve

A

taste from the anterior 2/3 tongue, sensation from the external ear and palate.

31
Q

what happens with a lesion and loss of sensory part of facial

A

loss of taste on the anterior 2.3 tongue

32
Q

what is the motor part of the facial nerve

A

muscles of facial expression and throat (digastric and mylohyoid) and middle ear.

33
Q

what happens to lesions in the facial nerve, for motor

A

facial palsies

34
Q

what is the parasympathetic function of the facial nerve

A

submandibular and sublingual glands, and lacrimal glands, and the glands of the nasal cavity and palate

35
Q

what is the result of the facial lesion in parasympathetic

A

decreased tears and saliva production

36
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve

A

sensory of hearing and balance

37
Q

what happens with a lesion of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

loss hearing, balance equilibrium, nausea, vomiting and vertigo

38
Q

how can we test the vestibulocochlear nerve? what two tests

A

weber: tuning fork on forehead, can you feel or hear it equally on both sides.
Renee: place tuning fork on mastoid process, then move it away. neurosensation loss, the air is greater sound then on bone. Conductive loss, the bone is louder then air.

39
Q

with conductive hearing loss, which side do you hear better on

A

the abnormal side.

40
Q

what components does the glossopharyngeal nerve have

A

sensory, motor, parasympathetic and visceral

41
Q

what are the sensory components of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

pharynx, larynx, palatine tonsils, posterior tongue, middle ear, AFFERENT for gag and swallowing reflex

42
Q

lesions in glossopharyngeal sensory part

A

loss of gag reflex

43
Q

what are the motor parts of the glossopharyngeal

A

pharyngeal muscle- stylopharyngeus

44
Q

lesion in the glossopharyngeal motor part

A

dysphagia, can’t swallow

45
Q

what are the parasympathetic parts of the glossopharyngeal. and lesion

A

parotid gland, decreased salivation

46
Q

what are the visceral components of the glossopharyngeal. and lesions

A

carotid body and sinus, decreased regulation of HR because of decreased input from the carotid blood pressure.

47
Q

what components does the vagus nerve have

A

sensory, motor, parasympathetic and visceral

48
Q

sensory part of the vagus nerve and lesion

A

interior pharynx, larynx, skin over external ear. decreased sensation

49
Q

what is the motor part of the vagus, and lesions.

A

muscles of pharynx and larynx, so hard time swallowing, and uvula will deviate away from the dysfunction.

50
Q

parasympathetic part vagus and lesions

A

efferents smooth muscles and glands in throat, pharynx, larynx, and thorax and abdomen. affects digestive activity, speech, bronchial constriction and regulating HR

51
Q

what is the visceral part of the vagus, and its lesions

A

larynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen, lesions decrease AFF input to those areas.

52
Q

if the left palate is touched, and you gag, and the Left palate rises higher then the right, and the uvula deviates to the L, where and in which nerves is there a lesion

A

right, 9 and 10

53
Q

spinal accessory, and lesions

A

motor to the SCM and upper trap. hard time elevating ipsilateral scapula and rotating contralaterally.

54
Q

hypoglossal and lesion?

A

motor to intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles, throat muscles (thyrohyoid, and geniohyoid).
lesions: protruded tongue will deviate to the side of the lesion.

Clinical Neuroscience (20 decks)

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