Exam 2 Ch. 16 Systemic Risk Factors that Amplify... Flashcards
Systemic risk factors are conditions or diseases that increase an individual’s _______ to periodontal infection by modifying or amplifying the _________to microbial infection.
A: susceptibility; host response
The most important known risk factor for periodontitis is ________.
A: cigarette smoking
All of the following are examples of systemic risk factors EXCEPT
- Infrequent care
- Tobacco use
- Osteoporosis
- Medication side effects
a. Infrequent care
In the United States’ population approximately 8.1 million people in the United States have _______ while 21 million Americans have_______.
A: undiagnosed diabetes; diagnosed diabetes
Diabetic individuals tend to show greater severity of _______ compared to non diabetics.
A: periodontitis
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the body improperly uses insulin.
True
False
True
Findings from many studies corroborate that diabetes mellitis leads to ________ response to oral _________.
hyperinflammatory; microbial biofilms
Insulin is a ______ needed to convert sugar and starches into energy.
A: hormone
____ to ____ of Type I diabetes is caused by damage to the ______.
A: 5%; 10%; pancreas
____ to ____ of type II develops when the body does not make enough and/or properly use _____.
A: 90%; 95%; insulin
Diabetes is considered an _________ factor for _______ and contributes to increased prevalence, severity, and progression.
A: Established risk; periodontitis
Individuals with well-controlled diabetes are at greater risk for periodontal disease than persons without diabetes.
True
False
False
Individuals with poorly controlled diabetes are _____ more likely to develop periodontitis.
- 2x
- 3x
- 4x
- 5x
B. 3x
Individuals with diabetes and who smoke are ___ more likely than nondiabetics to experience severe periodontitis
- 20x
- 10x
- 30x
- 5x
A. 20x
Individuals with undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes have high ______ levels.
A: blood glucose
The _____ is a measurement of the average blood glucose level over the past ____ months.
A: HbA1c; 2 to 3
A normal HbA1C level for nondiabetics is ______
- 5.6% and lower
- below 5.6%
- less than 7%
- 7% and lower
B. below 5.6%
At SPC, a patient who has diabetes presents with an HbA1c of less than 7% with less than 2mm of CAL is given a grade C for periodontal disease progression. A normal HbA1C level for nondiabetics is at least 5.6%.
- The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
- the first statement is false. The second statement is true.
- Both statements are true.
- Both statements are false.
D. Both statements are false.
Explanation: The first statement would be true if it said …”grade B”. The second statement would be true if it said below 5.6%
The hyperinflammatory response to the ______ challenge in periodontitis and impaired repair are at least partly mediated by the signaling mechanisms of the _______ interaction.
A: microbial; AGE-RAGE
_____ is a natural metabolic process in which the glucose in the bloodstream attaches to proteins and lipids forming harmful molecules called _____.
A: Glycation; AGEs
AGE is an acronym that stands for ______ _____ ______
A: advanced; glycation; end products
The interaction of _____ stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-⍺ and interleukin-1β.
A: AGE-RAGE
In diabetic patients with periodontitis, the AGE-RAGE interaction is a major factor that contributes to
- Exaggerated periodontal inflammation
- Insulin resistance
- Impaired tissue repair
- A and C
- A, B and C
E. A, B and C
In uncontrolled diabetes, it is the ______ challenge combined with an environment of enhanced _____ expression that leads to accelerated inflammation.
A: microbial; RAGE
RAGE stands for _________ for ________ _______ ________
A: Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products
Closer _______ between medical and dental clinical teams is necessary for the joint management of people with diabetes and periodontitis
A: collaboration
The goal for most individuals with diabetes is a glucose level _____.
A: less than 7%.
High susceptibility to infection occurs when the glucose level is ____.
A: above 8%
The target range of glucose level at appointment time is
- 80 to 120 mg/dL
- 70 to 120 mg/dL
- 180 to 300 g/dL
- 80 to 150 mg/dL
A. 80 to 120 mg/dL