Exam 2 Ch. 12 Etiologic Risk Factors for Perio Disease

Question 1

All of the following describe the interactions among the core elements of oral health EXCEPT

1. Disease and condition status
2. Physical well-being
3. Psychosocial function
4. Physiological function

Answer 1

B. Physical well-being

Question 2

______ is multifaceted and includes the ability to speak, smile, taste, touch, swallow and convey expressions without _____.

Answer 2

A: Oral health; pain

Question 3

Risk factors for periodontal disease contribute to the ______ and ______ of the disease.

Answer 3

A: initiation; progression

Question 4

The FDI definition treats oral health as a ______ state of ______.

Answer 4

A: changeable; well-being

Question 5

List at least four risk factors of periodontal disease.

Answer 5

Poor self-care

Faulty dentistry

Smoking/tobacco

Nutrition

Medications

Diabetes

Hormonal variations

Heredity

Immunocompromised

Question 6

Risk factors are either ______, meaning that measures can be taken to change them, or ______, which means these factors cannot be changed.

Answer 6

A: modifiable; nonmodifiable

Question 7

All of the following are considered modifiable risk factors EXCEPT

1. Smoking
2. Age
3. Diabetes
4. Nutrition
5. Alcohol
6. Obesity/overweight

Answer 7

B. Age

Question 8

Socioeconomic status and genetics are both considered non-modifiable factors that cannot be changed.

True

False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

All of the following are considered local modifiable risk factors to periodontal disease EXCEPT

1. Plaque and calculus
2. Stress
3. Open contacts
4. Overhangs

Answer 9

B. Stress

Question 10

Periodontitis has a multifactorial etiology. _______ – other than the presence of bacteria – play a significant role in determining why some individuals are more ______ to periodontal disease than others.

Answer 10

A: Additional factors; susceptible

Question 11

Research studies have clearly demonstrated that periodontal disease is a bacterial infection of the periodontium. Bacteria are the primary etiologic agent resulting in the initiation of periodontal disease.

1. The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
2. The second statement is false. The first statement is true.
3. Both statements are true.
4. Both statements are false.

Answer 11

C. Both statements are true.

Question 12

Some persons with abundant biofilm exhibit only mild disease, while others with sparse amounts of biofilm suffer severe disease.

True

False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Untreated gingivitis does not always lead to periodontitis. Everyone infected with periodontal pathogens will experience periodontitis.

1. The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
2. The first statement is false. The second statement is true.
3. Both statements are true.
4. Both statements are false.

Answer 13

A. The first statement is true. The second statement is false.

Question 14

The presence of periodontal pathogens determines why some individuals are more susceptible to periodontal disease than others.

True

False

Answer 14

False

Explanation: Periodontitis has a multifactorial etiology. Additional factors – other than the presence of bacteria – play a significant role in determining why some individuals are more susceptible to periodontal disease than others.

Question 15

_______ is a state of balance in the internal environment of the body.

Answer 15

A: Biologic equilibrium

Question 16

Periodontal equilibrium occurs when there is a balance between _______ factors and _______ factors.

Answer 16

A: disease-promoting; health-promoting

Question 17

Periodontal disease results when the balance is changed between pathogenic bacteria and the host’s inflammatory and immune responses. The balance can also be affected by local and/or systemic risk factors.

1. The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
2. The first statement is false. The second statement is true.
3. Both statements are true.
4. Both statements are false.

Answer 17

C. Both statements are true.

Question 18

There are some risk factors that cannot be eliminated or controlled. Professional care can help slow disease progression.

1. The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
2. The first statement is false. The second statement is true.
3. Both statements are true.
4. Both statements are false.

Answer 18

C. Both statements are true.

Question 19

In individuals with a _______ to periodontitis, gingivitis may never progress to periodontitis.

Answer 19

A: low susceptibility.

Question 20

It is possible to eliminate a systemic risk factor in many cases. A faulty restoration is a good example of a systemic factor that can be corrected, restoring the balance between systemic disease-promoting and health promoting factors at the site.

1. The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
2. The first statement is false. The second statement is true.
3. Both statements are true.
4. Both statements are false.

Answer 20

Both statements are false.

Explanation: local… local… local…

Question 21

_______ is the process of identifying risk factors in order to predict which individuals are likely to develop periodontal disease.

Answer 21

A: Risk Assessment

Question 22

1. Factors that increase an individual’s susceptibility to periodontitis by modifying the host response to bacterial infection are called:

A. Contributing factors

B. Genetic influences

C. Neutrophils

D. Biologic equilibrium

Answer 22

A. Contributing factors

(or systemic risk factors)

Question 23

2. Periodontal risk questionnaires may be helpful in:
   A. Identifying individual who are at high risk for periodontal disease

B. Eliciting the presence of common periodontal risk factors
C. Initiating a discussion with patients about periodontal risk factors

D. All of the above

Answer 23

D. All of the above

Question 24

3. Periodontitis has a multifactorial etiology. Social atmosphere can be a contributing risk factor for periodontal disease.

A. The first phrase is true, the second phrase is false

B. The first phrase is false, the second phrase is true

C. Both phrases are true

D. Both phrases are false

Answer 24

C. Both phrases are true