Ch 1 Terms Flashcards
the bone that surrounds the roots of the teeth. It forms the bony sockets that support and protect the roots of the teeth.
Alveolar bone
Composed of a thin outer layer of epithelium and an underlying layer of connective tissue.
gingiva
protects the underlying tooth-supporting structures of the periodontium from the oral environment. It has several defense mechanisms, including saliva and immune system.
Gingiva function
The fibers that surround the root of the tooth. These fibers attach to the bone of the socket on one side and to the cementum of the root on the other side.
Periodontal Ligament (PDL)
the thin layer of mineralized tissue that covers the root of the tooth
Cementum
- above CEJ
- surrounds the tooth in a turtleneck of cuff-like manner
- attaches to the tooth by means of a specialized epithelium (the junctional epithelium)
Location of free gingiva
Continuous with the oral epithelium of the free gingiva and is covered with keratinized epithelium; attached firmly to the underlying cementum and alveolar bone.
Attached gingiva
What does stippling act to provide?
mechanical reinforcement to the gingiva.
Stippling is present in _____% in adults?
40 %
When is the col not present?
If the adjacent teeth are not in contact or if the gingiva has receded
Gingival sulcus
space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface
Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF)
also called the gingival sulcular fluid, is a fluid that seeps from the underlying connective tissue into the sulcular space.
can remodel the alveolar bone in response to pressure, such as that applied during orthodontic treatment
PDL remodeling function
light yellow in color and softer than dentin or enamel.
Cementum Color
50% to 55% organic substance (type 1 collagen and noncollagenous matrix proteins)
45% inorgainic content (calcium and phosphate forms of hydroxyapatite and trace elements)
Cementum weight
The ends of the PDL fibers that are embedded in the cementum and alveolar bone.
Sharpey fibers
he most coronal portion of the alveolar process.
Alveolar crest
the lattice-like bone that fills the interior portion of the alveolar process between the cortical bone and the alveolar bone proper; cancellous bone is oriented around the tooth to form support for the alveolar bone proper.
Cancellous bone
A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps the outer surface of the alveolar bone; it consists of an outer layer of collagenous tissue and an inner layer of fine elastic fibers.
Periosteum
A network of lymph nodes connected by lymphatic vessels that plays an important role in the body’s defense against infection.
Lymphatic system
the functional system of tissues that surrounds the teeth and attaches them to the jawbone.
Periodontium
The periodontium is also called the
Supporting tissues of the teeth and The attachment apparatus
- gingiva
- cementum
- periodontal ligament
- alveolar bone
Tissues of the periodontium
the tissue that covers the cervical portions of the teeth and the alveolar processes of the jaws
Gingiva
The ______ is the part of the mucosa that surrounds the cervical portions of the teeth and covers the alveolar processes of the jaws.
gingiva
The ________ is located coronal to the CEJ of each tooth and attaches to the tooth by means of a specialized type of epithelial tissues.
gingival margin
The gingiva is divided into four anatomical areas
- free gingiva
- gingival sulcus
- interdental gingiva
- attached gingiva
The coronal boundary, or upper edge, of the gingiva is the
gingival margin
The apical boundary, or lower edge, of the gingiva is the
alveolar mucosa (dark red color and smooth shiny surface)
Free gingival groove
shallow linear depression that separates the free and attached gingiva
clinically visible boundary where the pink attached gingiva meets the red, shiny alveolar mucosa
Mucogingival junction
the unattached portion of the gingiva that surrounds the tooth in the region of the CEJ
Free gingiva
Characteristics of the Free Gingiva
- fits closely around the tooth but is not directly attatched to it
- unattached, may be gently retracted away from with probe
- forms the soft tissue lateral wall of the gingival sulcus
The tissue of the free gingiva meets the tooth in a thin rounded edge called the
gingival margin
Location of Attached Gingiva
lies between the free gingiva and the alveolar mucosa
The attached gingiva is widest in the
incisor and molar regions
The attached gingiva is narrowest in
premolar regions
Why is the width of the attached gingiva not measured on the palate?
Clinically it is not possible to determine where the attached gingiva ends and the palatal mucosa begins
Color of the Attached gingiva
pale or light coral pink
Texture of attached Gingiva
dimpled appearance similar to the skin of an orange peel. (Stippling)
Stippling is only seen on the
attached and interdental gingiva, (Not marginal gingiva)
Function of the attached gingiva
Keeps the free gingiva from being pulled away from the tooth
Portion of the gingiva that fills the area between two adjacent teeth apical to the contact area
Interdental gingiva
The lateral borders and tip of an interdental papilla are formed by the
free gingiva from the adjacent teeth
The center portion of the interdental papilla is formed by the
attached gingiva
a valley-like depression in the portion of the interdental gingiva that lies directly apical to the contact area of two adjacent teeth and connects the facial and lingual papillae.
Gingival Col
prevents food from becoming packed between the teeth during mastication
Function of interdental gingiva
Little or no fluid is found in the healthy
gingival sulcus,
but the fluid flow increases in the presence of dental plaque biofilm and the resulting gingival inflammation.
In the gingival sulcus fluid flow increases in response to
toothbrushing, mastication, or other stimulation of the gingiva.
If a filter strip is inserted into the sulcus it does what?
Absorbs the fluid into the sulcus. Can also be measured and used as an index of gingival inflammation.
The PDL is composed mainly of
composed mainly of
dense fibrous connective tissue.
The fibers of the PDL attach on what two sides?
root cementum & alveolar bone of the tooth socket
What are the 5 functions of the PDL?
- supportive
- sensory
- nutritive
- formative
- remodeling
suspends and maintains the tooth in its socket
PDL supportive function
provides sensory feeling to the tooth, such as pressure and pain sensations
PDL sensory function
provides nutrients to the cementum and bone.
PDL nutritive function
builds and maintains cementum and the alveolar bone of the tooth socket. The tissues of the PDL contain specialized cells such as fibroblasts, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts.
PDL formative function
The dimpled appearance, similar to an orange peel, that may be visible on the surface of the attached gingiva.
Stippling
the interdental gingiva
Papillae
a valley-like depression in the portion of the interdental gingiva that lies directly apical to the contact area of two adjacent teeth and connects the facial and lingual papillae.
Gingival col
the bone of the upper or lower jaw that surrounds and supports the roots of the teeth
Alveolar process
thin layer of bone that lines the socket to surround the root of tooth
Alveolar bone proper
The bony socket; a cavity in the alveolar bone that houses the root of a tooth.
Alveolus
A layer of compact bone that forms the hard, outside wall of the mandible and maxilla on the facial and lingual aspects
Cortical bone
nerve supply; innervation to the periodontium occurs via the branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Innervation
Cranial Nerve V. Innervation to maxilla is by second branch of trigeminal nerve (the maxillary nerve — Cranial Nerve V2) and the mandible by the third branch (the mandibular nerve — Cranial Nerve V3) The first branch (the ophthalmic nerve — Cranial nerve VI) does not innervate regions of the oral cavity.
Trigeminal nerve
to join together; in the periodontium a complex system of blood vessels supply blood to the periodontal a complex system of blood vessels supply blood to the periodontal tissue.
Anastomose
small bean-shaped structures located on either side of the head, neck, armpits, and groin; these nodes filter out and trap bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other unwanted substances to safely eliminate them from the body.
Lymph nodes
