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Periodontics > Chapter 34 (Staci) > Flashcards

Chapter 34 (Staci) Flashcards

1
Q

_______ may alter the course and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases/conditions.

A

Periodontitis

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2
Q

True or False.

There is evidence that suggesting that periodontitis causes systemic disease.

A

False

The possibility of an association between periodontal disease and systemic disease suggests that periodontal therapy may play an important role in decreasing the incidence and severity of certain systemic diseases.

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3
Q

______ indicates that there is a relationship or a connection between two or more variables.

A

Association

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4
Q

If variable A is certain to cause or lead to variable B this would be considered _______.

A

causation

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5
Q

Periodontitis is characterized by both _____ and ______ events and may contribute to select systemic diseases.

A

infection and pro-inflammatory

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6
Q

Inflammation, ________ and metastatic infection have been postulated as possible mechanisms of action for linking periodontitis to certain _____ diseases.

A

the immune response; systemic

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7
Q

_______ is an infectious disease mediated by microorganisms that originate from a distant body site.

A

Metastatic infection

ex: certain organisms found in the mouth can travel to the lung and possibly cause a lung infection

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8
Q

True or False.

Chewing and tooth brushing can disseminate whole bacteria and their products throughout the body to other nonadjacent organs or body parts.

A

True

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9
Q

Oral bacteria from ______ lesions and the DNA of certain _______ can survive in the blood stream and adhere to other sites in the body causing systemic disorders.

A

periodontal; periodontal pathogens

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10
Q

Systemic disorders such as endocarditis, lung infections, abscesses of the brain or liver, and fatty deposits in the carotid arteries can be caused by the _____________ and _______ that can survive in the bloodstream and adhere to other sites in the body.

A

DNA of periodontal pathogens; oral bacteria

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11
Q

Periodontitis may _____ some aspects of certain systemic diseases to make those diseases more severe.

A

modify

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12
Q

Infection of the periodontal pocket can stimulate the oral tissues to release _______ mediators which can then enter the blood stream and initiate significant systemic inflammation.

A

pro-inflammatory

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13
Q

In periodontitis, bacterial _______ are processed and presented to the body’s immune system and recognized by _____.

A

antigens; lymphocytes

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14
Q

________ inflammation is defined by increased circulation of pro-inflammatory mediators

A

Systemic

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15
Q

Sub-gingival plaque biofilm provides a large and persistent source of periodontal pathogens that can enter into the systemic blood stream, activating the host immune response which facilitates ______ formation and exacerbation.

A

atheroma

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16
Q

True or False.

The correlation between metastatic infection as well as inflammation and immune response have all been postulated as possible mechanisms of action for linking periodontitis to certain systemic diseases.

A

True

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the possible biologic explanations for the correlation between ACVD and periodontitis?

A. Dyslipidemia

B. Elevated levels of fibrinogen

C. Antibody Cross Reactivity

D. Reduced Systemic Inflammation

A

D. Reduced Systemic Inflammation

Correct Answer: Heightened Systemic Inflammation

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18
Q

Periodontal infections may contribute to atherosclerosis by triggering the host to produce elevated levels of serum ______, as well as low-density lipoproteins, _____, and very low-density lipoproteins.

A

cholesterol; triglycerides

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19
Q

Periodontitis elevates levels of ________ which increases vascular inflammation. This is important because the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems play important roles in the thickening of the arteries and clot formation.

A

fibrinogen

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20
Q

True or False

Studies have shown that patient with periodontitis have lower levels of plasma fibrinogen

A

False

they have HIGHER levels of fibrinogen

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21
Q

_______ , one of the possible biologic explanations for the correlation between ACVD and periodontitis, occurs when an antibody reacts with an antigen other than the one that initially induced it’s production.

A

Cross reactivity

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22
Q

Patients with periodontitis have elevated systemic antibody responses to a variety of _______ and are able to induce antibody cross reactivity.

A

periodontal microorganisms

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23
Q

True or False.

*Cross-reactivity suggests that periodontal pathogens induce the body’s immune response to mistakenly target cells in blood vessels leading to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.

A

True

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24
Q

Atherscherotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is a group of heart or vascular diseases including

A. angina, myocardial infarction, asthma, transient ischemic attack, and peripheral artery disease

B. angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and peripheral artery disease

C. angina, myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, transient ischemic attack, and peripheral artery disease

A

A. angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and peripheral artery disease

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25
Q

_______ is characterized by a thickening of arterial walls.

A

Atherosclerosis

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26
Q

________ is a fatty deposit in the inner lining of an artery; also called an arterial plaque

A

Atheroma

27
Q

________ is a special type of plasma protein, produced by the liver, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells that is present during episodes of acute inflammation or infection.

A

C-reactive protein

28
Q

Serum _______ are elevated in a patient with periodontitis compared to a patient without it.

A

C-reactive protein

29
Q

________ are fatty deposits in the inner lining of an artery

A

Atheromatous lesions

30
Q

What converts fibrinogen to fibrin?

A. c-reactive protein

B. thrombin

C. plasma protein

D. inflammation

A

B. thrombin

31
Q

______ is a protein substance that forms a network of threadlike structures and causes the blood plasma to gel.

A

fibrin

32
Q

True or false.

Reduced levels of fibrinogen is a risk factor for atherosclerosis.

A

False

Elevated levels of fibrinogen is a risk factor for atherosclerosis

33
Q

_______ refers to an abnormal amount of lipids.

A

Dyslipidemia

34
Q

A patient presents with mild, moderate or severe periodontitis and they have two or more ACVD risk factors. What would you do with this patient?

A.inform that there may be an increased risk for CVD associated with periodontitis

B. refer for medical eval is he/she has not had one in last 12 months

C. recommend to seek medical eval is he/she has not had one in the last 12 months

A

B. refer for medical eval is he/she has not had one in last 12 months

35
Q

A patient presents with mild to severe periodontitis and they have one known ACVD risk factor. What would you do with this patient?

A.inform that there may be an increased risk for CVD associated with periodontitis

B. refer for medical eval is he/she has not had one in last 12 months

C. recommend to seek medical eval is he/she has not had one in the last 12 months

A

C. recommend to seek medical eval is he/she has not had one in the last 12 months

36
Q

A patient presents with mild to severe periodontitis and and does not have any known ACVD risk factors. What would you do with this patient?

A.inform that there may be an increased risk for CVD associated with periodontitis

B. refer for medical eval is he/she has not had one in last 12 months

C. recommend to seek medical eval is he/she has not had one in the last 12 months

A

A.inform that there may be an increased risk for CVD associated with periodontitis

37
Q

What is the a leading cause of neonatal death and long-term neurodevelopment disturbances and health problems in children?

A

preterm delivery of low-birth weight infants`

38
Q

_______ is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by an abrupt rise in blood pressure, large amounts of the protein albumin into the urine, and swelling of the hands, feet, and face. It
occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy

A

Preeclampsia

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the possible biologic pathways related to adverse pregnancy outcomes?

A. Direct Pathway

B. Indirect Pathway #1

C. Transverse Pathway

D. Indirect Pathway #2

A

C. Transverse Pathway

40
Q

Oral microbes and/or their components travel to the placental fetal unit in the ________ pathway

A

Direct Pathway

41
Q

In which biological pathway does oral bacteria induce the maternal periodontal tissues to release elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediates. From there, the pro-inflammatory mediators spread systemically to have an impact on the placenta/fetal unit.

A

Indirect Pathway #1

42
Q

In which biological pathway does the maternal liver respond to oral bacteria by producing elevated levels pf pro-inflammatory mediators and acute phase reactant proteins that then spread to the placenta/fetal unit.

A

Indirect Pathway #2

43
Q

True or False.

All preventative, diagnostic, and periodontal therapeutic procedures are safe throughout pregnancy. Additionally, elective procedures should be completed in the first trimester.

A

False.

All preventative, diagnostic, and periodontal therapeutic procedures are safe throughout pregnancy. Elective procedures should be avoided in the first trimester.

44
Q

______ therapy may result in improved insulin sensitivity and subsequent improved glycemic control

A

Periodontal

45
Q

True or False.

Xerostomia, burning mouth syndrome, fungal infections, slower wound healing are the associated oral conditions of diabetes mellitus.

A

True

46
Q

_______ is a medical term referring to the typical blood glucose levels in those with diabetes mellitus.

A

Glycemic control

47
Q

A fasting blood glucose level less than _______ mg/dL is normal

A

100

48
Q

A fasting glucose level between ______ mg/dL and ____ mg/dL is considered prediabetes

A

100-125

49
Q

Poor glycemic control refers to persistently elevated fasting blood glucose levels greater than or equal to _____ mg/dL.

A

126

50
Q

______ is the average blood glucose level over the past ____ to ___ months, this is the lifespan of the red blood cell.

A

HbA1C; 2 to 3

51
Q

A1C is reported as a percentage of total _____ in the blood

A

hemoglobin

52
Q

A normal HbA1C for a non-diabetic is _____

A

less than 5.6%

53
Q

A reasonable A1C goal for many adults with diabetes is BELOW ___.

A

7%

54
Q

Evidence suggests that periodontitis raises the levels of _______mediators in blood serum.

A

pro-inflammatory

55
Q

Periodontal diseases may serve as ______ of insulin resistance, thereby _____ glycemic control. Therefore, ________ may result in improved insulin sensitivity and subsequent improved glycemic control.

A

initiators; aggravating; periodontal therapy

56
Q

This type of pneumonia is contracted outside of the hospital setting by the aspiration of oropharyngeal organisms. It responds well to treatment.

A. Hospital acquired

B. Community acquired

C. Ventilator-associated

A

B. Community acquired

57
Q

This type of pneumonia is an infection of the lungs contracted during a hospital stay or in a long-term care facility.

A. Hospital acquired

B. Community acquired

C. Ventilator-associated

A

A. Hospital acquired

58
Q

This type of hospital-acquired pneumonia developing after intubation for mechanical ventilation.

A. Hospital acquired

B. Community acquired

C. Ventilator-associated

A

C. Ventilator-associated

59
Q

Periodontal diseases may be related to _______ by the inhalation of fine droplets from the oral cavity and throat into the lungs.

A

respiratory diseases

60
Q

Application of ______ gel to the teeth, gingiva, and other oral mucosal surfaces has been shown to significantly decrease the risk for _____.

A

0.2 chlorhexidine; pneumonia

61
Q

_____ is a group of lung diseases, mainly emphysema and chronic bronchitis, characterized by an obstruction of airflow during exhalation

A

COPD

62
Q

______ is an autoimmune disease that causes redness, warmth, swelling, and pain of the joints.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

63
Q

______ is a cluster of conditions such as HBP, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the wist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. These conditions occur together, increasing the risk of heart disease.

A

Metabolic syndrome

64
Q

______ is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

A

Cancer

Periodontics (16 decks)

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