EXAM 2

Question 1

Aerobic cellular respiration requires that oxygen be present.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Krebs cycle is located in the matrix of the mitochondria.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Chargaff’s rules state that in DNA the totalled proportions of adenine and thymine always equal the totalled proportions of guanine and cytosine.

Answer 3

False; totalled proportions of adenine and guanine always equal those of thymine and cytosine.

Question 4

Ribosomes move along mRNA in a 5’–>3’ direction

Answer 4

True

Question 5

If an X-ray technician suffered genetic damage, it would most likely be due to chemical mutagenic agents.

Answer 5

False; physical mutagenic agents

Question 6

Kidney’s remove waste, balance blood pH, and maintain water balance.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Insulin is produced in a healthy person when blood sugar is low.

Answer 7

False; when blood sugar is high

Question 8

Insulin secretion must be decreased during times of stress to keep blood glucose level high.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Information from your brain is moved to your leg muscles by motor neurons.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Electrochemical messages are carried by the movement of ions through the nerve membrane.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

In living organisms, buffers do which of the following?

Answer 11

Maintain pH in the cells within a narrow range, allowing the enzymes to function.

Question 12

When atoms from two different elements are brought together under conditions that will favour a reaction and they have similar electronegativities, which type of chemical bond is most likely to form?

Answer 12

Non-polar covalent bonds

Question 13

Structurally, a sulfhydryl group is most similar to which of the following?

Answer 13

Hydroxyl

Question 14

A nitrogen atom would be found bonded to a hydrogen atom in which of the following functional groups?

Answer 14

amino

Question 15

Which of the following functional groups would be found in a monosaccharide?

Answer 15

carbonyl and hydroxyl

Question 16

When digested, which of the following substances would yield a mixture of amino acids?

Answer 16

protein

Question 17

Of the list of compounds below, which one cannot result in the production of urea, a nitrogen-containing waste product found in urine?

Answer 17

glucose

Question 18

When two organic molecules are joined together and a water molecule is removed, the reaction is called which of the following?

Answer 18

dehydration synthesis (condensation)

Question 19

The extremely large diversity of structure seen in proteins is mainly due to…

Answer 19

different numbers, kinds, and sequences of amino acids.

Question 20

During the process of glycolysis, some hydrogen atoms are essentially removed from glucose. This is an example of…

Answer 20

oxidation

Question 21

The key point about oxidation is that it is a process in which

Answer 21

there is a loss of electrons

Question 22

When free energy is released during a chemical reaction it is called

Answer 22

an exergonic reaction

Question 23

The activity of an enzyme can be altered by changing the pH of its surroundings slightly. This change in pH works by

Answer 23

altering its three-dimensional shape

Question 24

at the end of the electron transport chain, the final product is which of the following?

Answer 24

water

Question 25

Redox reactions involving Fe2+ and Fe3+ occur during aerobic cellular respiration. Where do these reactions take place?

Answer 25

The electron transport chain

Question 26

From the following list, which is the best definition of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 26

Cellular metabolism in the absence of oxygen

Question 27

Anaerobic and aerobic respiration are similar in all but one of the following ways. Which one is the exception?

Answer 27

acetylhyde is converted into ethanol

Question 28

During DNA replication, the function of RNA primers is to

Answer 28

serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase III in prokaryotes.

Question 29

5’GGCATA (X)
(Z)CCGTAT (Y)
If the above is a representation of a piece of double-stranded DNA, what symbols should occupy the positions (X), (Y) and (Z)?

Answer 29

3’,5’,3’

Question 30

In what order do the following molecules become involved in DNA replication in E.coli?

1. single-stranded binding proteins
2. DNA polymerase III
3. primase
4. helicase

Answer 30

4,1,3,2

helicase, single-stranded binding proteins, primase, DNA polymerase III

Question 31

Complementary base pairing is the result of

Answer 31

hydrogen bonding

Question 32

Transcription in the lacZ and lacY genes of the lac operon begins when

Answer 32

The repressor protein binds to the inducer

Question 33

Line A below shows the peptide synthesized after transcription and translation of a piece of DNA. Line B shows the peptide synthesized after a mutation in this piece of DNA.
A. proline-arginine-aspartic acid- lysine-glysine
B. proline-glutamine-aspartic acid-lysine-glycine
The type of change in the DNA most likely to be responsible for the differences between the peptides is

Answer 33

a base substituation

Question 34

Base pairing due to hydrogen bonding is fundamental to

Answer 34

both processes

Question 35

Substance In Bowman’s Capsule In urine
X 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L
Y 0.1 g/L 1.0g/L
Z 0.1g/L 0.0g/L
The above table shows the results of an experiment on the functioning of a mammalian kidney. The following item is based on an analysis of the data. Substance Y was likely…

Answer 35

not reabsorbed , and secreted by tubule cells

Question 36

Which of the following analogies would best fit the action of the kidney?

Answer 36

removing all of the items and returining what is still useful.

Question 37

Choose the item below controlled by ADH:

Answer 37

the amount of water reabsorbed in the nephron

Question 38

Kidney stones are the result of

Answer 38

presipitation of mineral solutes from the blood

Question 39

The hypothalmus controls the anterior piruitary with which of the following?

Answer 39

releasing factors

Question 40

Small concentrations of hormone are needed to cause an effect on target cells. This occurs because…

Answer 40

the mechanism of hormonal action involves an enzyme cascade that amplifies the response to a hormone.

Question 41

During the female reproductive cycle, LH peaks when which one of these occurs?

Answer 41

Ovulation occurs

Question 42

The growing follicle secretes which of the following hormone?

Answer 42

estrogen

Question 43

A patient with the symptoms of tremors, an irregular walk, and halting speech might have experienced trauma to which of the following?

Answer 43

cerebellum

Question 44

Sex: male
Age: 34
Blood Type: O
WBC count: 25 000/mm3 (normal = 7000/mm3)
RBC count: 2.5 million/mm3 (normal= 5 million/mm3)
Body temperature: 38.4 degrees C
Pulse rate: 72 beates/min

Knowing the information above about a patient, a doctor might suspect a pathogenic bacterial infection because of which of the following?

Answer 44

white blood cell count

Question 45

The effect of histamine is which of the following?

Answer 45

to increase capillary permeability

Question 46

The term gene is defined as which of the following?

Answer 46

The portion of the DNA molecule that codes for a particular polypeptide sequence.

Question 47

The maximum number of organisms that can be sustained by available resources over a given period of time is known as which of the following?

Answer 47

carrying capacity

Question 48

In a population of birds being studied over a limited time period, 4 eggs hatch, 6 birds leave the area, 3 are eaten by cats, and 5 move into the area. What is the population change over the period of study?

Answer 48

the population size did not change.

Question 49

A population showing low mortality rates until the individuals are past their reproductive years demonstrates which of the following?

Answer 49

Type III survivorship

Question 50

Factors limitting reproductive potential include which of the following?

Answer 50

migration, disease, mating success, food availability (all of the above)