EXAM 2 Flashcards
Aerobic cellular respiration requires that oxygen be present.
True
Krebs cycle is located in the matrix of the mitochondria.
True
Chargaff’s rules state that in DNA the totalled proportions of adenine and thymine always equal the totalled proportions of guanine and cytosine.
False; totalled proportions of adenine and guanine always equal those of thymine and cytosine.
Ribosomes move along mRNA in a 5’–>3’ direction
True
If an X-ray technician suffered genetic damage, it would most likely be due to chemical mutagenic agents.
False; physical mutagenic agents
Kidney’s remove waste, balance blood pH, and maintain water balance.
True
Insulin is produced in a healthy person when blood sugar is low.
False; when blood sugar is high
Insulin secretion must be decreased during times of stress to keep blood glucose level high.
True
Information from your brain is moved to your leg muscles by motor neurons.
True
Electrochemical messages are carried by the movement of ions through the nerve membrane.
True
In living organisms, buffers do which of the following?
Maintain pH in the cells within a narrow range, allowing the enzymes to function.
When atoms from two different elements are brought together under conditions that will favour a reaction and they have similar electronegativities, which type of chemical bond is most likely to form?
Non-polar covalent bonds
Structurally, a sulfhydryl group is most similar to which of the following?
Hydroxyl
A nitrogen atom would be found bonded to a hydrogen atom in which of the following functional groups?
amino
Which of the following functional groups would be found in a monosaccharide?
carbonyl and hydroxyl
When digested, which of the following substances would yield a mixture of amino acids?
protein
Of the list of compounds below, which one cannot result in the production of urea, a nitrogen-containing waste product found in urine?
glucose
When two organic molecules are joined together and a water molecule is removed, the reaction is called which of the following?
dehydration synthesis (condensation)
The extremely large diversity of structure seen in proteins is mainly due to…
different numbers, kinds, and sequences of amino acids.
During the process of glycolysis, some hydrogen atoms are essentially removed from glucose. This is an example of…
oxidation
The key point about oxidation is that it is a process in which
there is a loss of electrons
When free energy is released during a chemical reaction it is called
an exergonic reaction
The activity of an enzyme can be altered by changing the pH of its surroundings slightly. This change in pH works by
altering its three-dimensional shape
at the end of the electron transport chain, the final product is which of the following?
water
Redox reactions involving Fe2+ and Fe3+ occur during aerobic cellular respiration. Where do these reactions take place?
The electron transport chain
From the following list, which is the best definition of anaerobic respiration?
Cellular metabolism in the absence of oxygen
Anaerobic and aerobic respiration are similar in all but one of the following ways. Which one is the exception?
acetylhyde is converted into ethanol
During DNA replication, the function of RNA primers is to
serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase III in prokaryotes.
5’GGCATA (X)
(Z)CCGTAT (Y)
If the above is a representation of a piece of double-stranded DNA, what symbols should occupy the positions (X), (Y) and (Z)?
3’,5’,3’
In what order do the following molecules become involved in DNA replication in E.coli?
- single-stranded binding proteins
- DNA polymerase III
- primase
- helicase
4,1,3,2
helicase, single-stranded binding proteins, primase, DNA polymerase III
Complementary base pairing is the result of
hydrogen bonding
Transcription in the lacZ and lacY genes of the lac operon begins when
The repressor protein binds to the inducer
Line A below shows the peptide synthesized after transcription and translation of a piece of DNA. Line B shows the peptide synthesized after a mutation in this piece of DNA.
A. proline-arginine-aspartic acid- lysine-glysine
B. proline-glutamine-aspartic acid-lysine-glycine
The type of change in the DNA most likely to be responsible for the differences between the peptides is
a base substituation
Base pairing due to hydrogen bonding is fundamental to
both processes
Substance In Bowman’s Capsule In urine
X 0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L
Y 0.1 g/L 1.0g/L
Z 0.1g/L 0.0g/L
The above table shows the results of an experiment on the functioning of a mammalian kidney. The following item is based on an analysis of the data. Substance Y was likely…
not reabsorbed , and secreted by tubule cells
Which of the following analogies would best fit the action of the kidney?
removing all of the items and returining what is still useful.
Choose the item below controlled by ADH:
the amount of water reabsorbed in the nephron
Kidney stones are the result of
presipitation of mineral solutes from the blood
The hypothalmus controls the anterior piruitary with which of the following?
releasing factors
Small concentrations of hormone are needed to cause an effect on target cells. This occurs because…
the mechanism of hormonal action involves an enzyme cascade that amplifies the response to a hormone.
During the female reproductive cycle, LH peaks when which one of these occurs?
Ovulation occurs
The growing follicle secretes which of the following hormone?
estrogen
A patient with the symptoms of tremors, an irregular walk, and halting speech might have experienced trauma to which of the following?
cerebellum
Sex: male
Age: 34
Blood Type: O
WBC count: 25 000/mm3 (normal = 7000/mm3)
RBC count: 2.5 million/mm3 (normal= 5 million/mm3)
Body temperature: 38.4 degrees C
Pulse rate: 72 beates/min
Knowing the information above about a patient, a doctor might suspect a pathogenic bacterial infection because of which of the following?
white blood cell count
The effect of histamine is which of the following?
to increase capillary permeability
The term gene is defined as which of the following?
The portion of the DNA molecule that codes for a particular polypeptide sequence.
The maximum number of organisms that can be sustained by available resources over a given period of time is known as which of the following?
carrying capacity
In a population of birds being studied over a limited time period, 4 eggs hatch, 6 birds leave the area, 3 are eaten by cats, and 5 move into the area. What is the population change over the period of study?
the population size did not change.
A population showing low mortality rates until the individuals are past their reproductive years demonstrates which of the following?
Type III survivorship
Factors limitting reproductive potential include which of the following?
migration, disease, mating success, food availability (all of the above)
