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Grade 12 Biology > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Electronegativity is a measure of an atoms ability to attract a shared electron pair when it is participating in a covalent bond with another atom.

A

True

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2
Q

The production of a large molecule from smaller subunits is referred to as a catabolic reaction.

A

False; anabolic reaction

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3
Q

An enzyme is a biological carbohydrate-based catalyst.

A

False; protein-based

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4
Q

Cells can control metabolic processes by restricting the location of enzymes and enzyme complexes within the cell.

A

True

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5
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration requires that oxygen be present.

A

True

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6
Q

Cellular respiration results in the relatively rapid, uncontrolled release of energy from a molecule of glucose to produce ATP for use by cells for various function.

A

False; relatively slow, controlled

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7
Q

Enzymes lower activation energy.

A

True

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8
Q

Ribosomes move along mRNA in a 5’–>3’ direction.

A

True

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9
Q

Some restriction endonucleases make zigzag cuts in double-stranded DNA leaving blunt cells.

A

False; leaving sticky ends

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10
Q

Contractions that increase in strength during pregnancy are an example of a negative feedback mechanism.

A

False; positive feedback mechanisms

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11
Q

Kidney’s remove waste, balance blood pH, and maintain water balance.

A

True

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12
Q

Wastes are filtered from the blood by the kidneys and conducted to the urinary bladder by the urethra.

A

False; ureter

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13
Q

A cross section of the kidney shows an oiter layer called the medulla, an inner layer called the cortex, and a hollow chamber called the renal pelvis.

A

False; outer layer called the cortex, inner layer called the medulla

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14
Q

When a person sweats and does not drink water, the pituitary gland releases ADH.

A

True

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15
Q

Insulin is produced in a healthy person when blood sugar is low.

A

False; blood sugar is high

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16
Q

People with diabetes feel tired because of low levels of glucose in the blood.

A

False; low levels of insulin

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17
Q

As follicles develop in the ovary, estrogen concentration in the blood decreases.

A

False; increases

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18
Q

Information from your brain is moved to your leg muscles by motor neurons.

A

True

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19
Q

Myelin sheath is very important for the transferring of information along the medulla.

A

False; axon

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20
Q

Electrochemical messages are carried by the movement of ions through the nerve membrane.

A

True

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21
Q

When the nerve cell is excited, it becomes more permeable to potassium ions than sodium ions.

A

False; sodium ions then potassium ions

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22
Q

Sharks, snakes, and crocodiles are able to grow new teeth all of their lives. This is considered to be an example of analogous structures.

A

False; homology

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23
Q

Islands are very important places in which speciation occurs because the populations they contain are spatially isolated from other populations.

A

True

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24
Q

Over time, the total number of species in existance deos not change.

A

False; changes

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25
Q

A species is a group of individuals that are reproductively compatible with each other but not with individuals from other groups.

A

True

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26
Q 
The following structural formula is representative of which functional group?
-C=O
  \
   O
    |
   H
A

carboxyl

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27
Q

An amino acid always has an amino group, as its name suggests. What other group is also present in all amino acids?

A

a carboxyl group

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28
Q

The hydrolysis (breakdown) of a dipeptide results in the production of which of the following?

A

Two amino acids

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29
Q

In aerobic respiration, which is a typical oxidation/reduction reaction, the energy…

A

Required for reduction is the same as that released in oxidation

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30
Q

The key point about oxidation is that it is a process in which….

A

There is a loss of electrons

31
Q

Which of the following statements about enzymes is not true?

A

They will bind their substrate and any isomer of their substrate.

32
Q

The reactants in cellular respiration, glucose, and oxygen are stable compounds. How do these substances react?

A

The activation energy is reduced by enzymes.

33
Q

The following molecules can be found at various stage during cellular respiration:
I. Acetly-CoA
II. Carbon Dioxide
III. Glucose
IV. Glyceraldehyde
V. Pyruvate
Which of the following sequences represents the above molecules in order from the largest to the smallest amount of chemical energy?

A

III, IV, V, I, II

Glucose, glyceraldehyde, pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, carbon dioxide

34
Q

Glycolysis can best be described as which of the following kinds of pathways?

A

Anaerobic and catabolic

35
Q

Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration for which of the following reasons?

A

Less ATP is produced in anaerobic respiration.

36
Q

The alternate fates of pyruvate in various organisms is primarily due to…

A

Regenerating NAD+ for further reduction in the cytoplasm.

37
Q

DNA replication…

A

Occurs before cytokinesis

38
Q

DNA is stable because hydrogen bonds are formed between…

A

Purines and pyrimidines

39
Q

An enzyme, which excuses a mismatched base in a newly synthesized strand of DNA, is called…

A

An exonuclease

40
Q

A section of mRNA 9 codons long would most likely result in the addition of how many amino acids to a growing polypeptide (the stop codon is absent front the section of mRNA)?

A

9

41
Q

There are differences in the amino acid sequence of rabbit and frog haemoglobin polypeptides. If mRNA for rabbit red blood cells, and is then placed in frog eggs, the cells will produce rabbit haemoglobin polypeptides. This shows that…

A

The genetic code and the machinery of translation are substantially the same in widely-different organisms.

42
Q

Which of the following is true with respect to the lac operon?

A

The repressor is bound to the operator, except when it is bound to the inducer.

43
Q

When recombinant DNA is formed, it is necessary to join the sugar-phosphate backbones of the plasmid DNA and the introduced DNA. Which of the following is used to do this?

A

Ligase

44
Q

In a hypothetical experiment, human subjects were placed in a room, the temperature of which was higher than body temperature (37 degrees Celsius). At the same time, blood, cooler than 37 degrees Celsius, was infused into the subjects. Choose the correct effect of this experiment on the subjects.

A

no effect is noticed by the subject.

45
Q

A family doctor has a patient with the following symptoms: very high blood sugar levels; high sugar level in the urine; is very thirsty; produces large quantities of urine. Which condition should the doctor investigate?

A

diabetes mellitus

46
Q

The term used to describe the ability of a living organism to adjust to changing environmental conditions by regulating their internal processes is…

A

homeostasis

47
Q

Which of the following analogies would best fit the action of the kidney?

A

removing all the items and returning what is still useful.

48
Q

Interneurons are most commonly located in which of the following?

A

central nervous system

49
Q

The term phenotype is defined as which of the following?

A

Observable traits that are formed by the interaction of genes and the environment.

50
Q

Part of the sides of the DNA ladder

A

phosphate group

51
Q

Results in the formation of water

A

condensation reaction

52
Q

Class of compounds has the most energy per gram

A

lipids

53
Q

Describes the breakdown of macromolecules

A

catabolic reactions

54
Q

Class of compounds is principally used for energy

A

carbohydrates

55
Q

Forms strong tertiary structures

A

disulfide bridge

56
Q

Referring to the Krebs Cycle:

What molecule, derived from glycolysis, is at the start of the cycle?

A

acetyl-CoA

57
Q

Referring to the Krebs Cycle:

How many NADH is produced in each turn of the cycle?

A

3

58
Q

Referring to ETC and Chemiosmosis:

What are the electron donor molecules at the beginning of the chain?

A

NADH/FADH2

59
Q

Referring to ETC and Chemiosmosis:

In what order are the components of the chain arranged?

A

increasing electronegativity

60
Q

Referring to ETC and Chemiosmosis:

What moves into the intermembrane space?

A

protons

61
Q

Referring to ETC and Chemiosmosis:

What accepts the electrons at the end of the chain?

A

oxygen

62
Q

Referring to ETC and Chemiosmosis:

What is the first protein complex of the chain?

A

NADH dehydrogenase

63
Q

Referring to ETC and Chemiosmosis:

Where do electrons, protons, and oxygen meet to become water?

A

cytochrome oxidase

64
Q

Referring to ETC and Chemiosmosis:

Where do protons re-enter the mitochondrial matrix?

A

ATP synthase

65
Q

Process which results in each new DNA molecule consisting of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand

A

semi-conservative replication

66
Q

Unwinds DNA

A

primase

67
Q

removes RNA primers

A

DNA polymerase 1

68
Q

Short lengths of DNA produced during synthesis of lagging strand.

A

Okazaki Fragment

69
Q

New DNA strand which is synthesized continously

A

leading strand

70
Q

links sugars and phosphates together

A

ligase

71
Q

builds RNA primers

A

primase

72
Q

special glial cells

A

schwann cells

73
Q

recieve information from sensory receptors or nerve cells

A

dendrites

74
Q

extension of the cytoplasm of a nerve cell.

A

axon

Grade 12 Biology (19 decks)

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