Chapter 7 Practice Test Flashcards
Contractions that increase in strength during pregnancy are an example of a negative feedback mechanism.
False; a positive feedback mechanism
Kidneys remove waste, balance blood pH, and maintain water balance
True
A cross section of the kidney shows an outer layer called the medulla, an inner layer called the cortex, and a hollow chamber called the renal pelvis.
False; the outer layer is called the cortex and the inner layer is the medulla.
Plasma proteins, red blood cells, and platelets are transferred to the Bowman’s Capsule.
False; they are not transferred to the Bowman’s Capsule
When a person sweats and does not drink water, the pituitary gland releases ADH.
True
The term used to describe the ability of a living organism to adjust to changing environmental conditions by regulating their internal process is
Homeostasis
Which of the following analogies would best fit the action of the kidney?
Removing most of the items and returning what is still useful.
which one of the following is a part of the circulatory system?
Glomerulus
Glomerular filtrate is identical to plasma, except in respect to…
amounts of red and white blood cells or
formed-element and protein content.
Chose the item below controlled by ADH
the amount of water re-absorbed in the nephron
Antidiuretic hormone is produced by the
Hypothalamus
Kidney stones are the result of
Precipitation of mineral solutes from the blood
As the environment changes, our bodies use the nervous and endocrine systems to compensate by a mechanism called…
Homeostasis
Temperature fluctuations are controlled by the following part of the brain…
Hypothalamus
If a person has lost a lot of water, the kidneys will produce a more________ urine.
Concentrated
________ involves the transfer of essential solutes and water from the nephron back into the blood.
Reabsorption
Why is it important that the Loop of Henle passes into the medulla of the kidney?
- need to establish a salt/ion gradient
- water will follow by osmosis
If a viral infection inflames the glomerulus, what effect might this have?
- pores of glomerulus may be smaller
- less filtrate is able to pass into Bowman’s Capsule
You are playing an active game and you begin to sweat. Soon you feel cooler. For this homeostatic system, construct a labelled diagram to represent the feedback loop involved. On the diagram, indicate the receptor (s), the control centre(s), and the effector(s).
**** draw a diagram
Draw (explain) a flowchart that illustrates the path of a molecule of urea from its entry into the renal artery to the collecting ducts.
Renal artery to afferent arteriole to glomerulus to Bowman’s capsule.
Proximal tube to loop of henle to distal tubules to collecting ducts
The student holds the bulb of a thermometer in the right hand and plunges the left hand into ice water. It was noted a few minutes after that the temperature recorded by the thermometer decreases. Explain why this response occurs. How can this be considered an example of homeostasis?
The drop in temperature of the blood was detected by the hypothalamus through which the nervous system brings about vasoconstriction of the blood vessels or pushing the blood to deeper vessels. In this heat loss is restricted, minimizing change in the core temperature of the body.
Describe the processes of filtration involved in the removal of nitrogenous wastes by a human nephron.
- blood pressure causes plasma and dissolved solutes to enter the Bowman’s capsule from capillaries in the glomerulus.
- plasma enters to proximal tubules
