Chemistry of Life Test (Ch.1) Flashcards
In living organisms, buffers do which of the following?
maintain pH in the cells within a narrow range, allowing enzymes to function.
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
glucose
What element is found in all organic compounds?
Carbon
Of the following, which are reasons why molecular models are useful to biologists? Models help…
I. visualize shapes of functional groups
II. visualize isomers
III. visualize the three-dimensional shapes of functional groups
IV. determine the presence of symmetry in molecules
V. predict products of chemical reactions
I, II, III, IV, and V. (all are correct)
When a molecule of glycerol reacts with one or more fatty acids an ester linkage results. The formation of this linkage is a result of a reaction between…
An alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
In most cellular process, oxidation involves…
the loss of hydrogen atoms
When fatty acids and glycerol chemically combine to form a fat, one other product is…
water
When two organic molecules are joined together and a water molecule is removed, the reaction is called which of the following?
dehydration synthesis (condensation)
The hydrolysis (breakdown) of a dipeptide results in the production of which of the following?
two amino acids
When free energy is released during a chemical reaction it is called
an exergonic reaction
the following structural formula is representative of which functional group?
-C=O
\
O
|
Hcarboxyl
the following structural formula is representative of which functional group?
|
C= O
|
carbonyl
Enzymes work as catalysts by doing which of the following?
decreasing the activation energy
Of the following, which is not considered to be a polymer?
fat
Of the following biological compounds, which one contains the element nitrogen?
protein
When digested, which of the following substances would yield a mixture of amino acids?
protein
The production, or synthesis, of proteins, fats and carbohydrates involves the…
removal of water
An oxidation/reduction is best shown by which of the following?
electrons are transfered from one substance to another.
The following structural formula is representative of which functional group?
-N-H
|
H
amino
Which of the following is the essential characteristic of a polar molecule?
Has an asymmetrical distribution of electrical charge.
The extremely large diversity of structure seen in proteins is mainly due to
different numbers, kinds, and sequences of amino acids
In humans, the function of glycogen is to
keep glucose avainable
Isomers are moleules that
Have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
Of the following 5 statements, which is most correct with respect to enzymes?
all enzymes are catalysts
All but one of the following are examples of oxidizing reactions. Which one is NOT an oxidizing reaction?
The synthesis of glucose in a plant
In the electron transport chain of the mitochondria, electrons are commonly transferred from one molecule to another. In one such reaction a Fe3+ ion in a cytochrome is converted to a Fe2+ ion. This is known as…
Reduction
During the process of glycolysis, some hydrogen atoms are essentially removed from glucose. This is an example of…
Oxidation
There are four elements that make up all amino acids. Two of these are carbon and hydrogen. The other two are…
nitrogen and oxygen
Many people are aware that water is the most abundant substance in all organisms. However, next to water, what is the major component of living cells?
Proteins
