Exam(2) (5) - Metabolism

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

All the chemical reactions by which cells get and use energy.

• SUM OF ALL CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Question 2

What is life in the context of energy?

Answer 2

A constant flow of energy channeled by organism to do the work of living.

Question 3

aA + bB————–> cC+dD
<————–

Answer 3

reactants <———>products

Question 4

What is energy?

Answer 4

The ability to do work

Question 5

What are examples of potential energy?

Answer 5

Potential = stored
- magnetic
-gravity
-chemical *

Question 6

What are examples of kinetic energy?

Answer 6

kinetic= move
- mechanical *
- light
- heat

Question 7

How many directions does energy flow?

Answer 7

In one direction

Question 8

What kind of energy is associated with producers?

Answer 8

Chemical

Question 9

What kind of energy is associated with Consumers and Decomposers?

Answer 9

Mechanical

Question 10

What is metabolic heat?

Answer 10

body heat ( a waste product)

Question 11

Where does all energy go eventually?

Answer 11

back to the enviroment

Question 12

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 12

Law of Conservation of Energy

• E cannot be created or destroyed
• E can be changed from one form to another
  -Total E in the universe is constant

Question 13

What is an example of the 1st law of thermodynamics?

Answer 13

chemical –> mechanical

Question 14

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 14

Law of Entropy

• When energy is changed from one form to another there is a loss of usable energy

-waste energy goes to increase disorder ( entropy)

• every cellular process increases the total entropy in the universe

Question 15

Which has more entropy C6H12O6 or CO2 + H2O

Answer 15

CO2 + H2O
- less organized
- more stable
- more entropy

Question 16

What are reactants?

Answer 16

participate in reactions

Question 17

What are products?

Answer 17

form as result of reaction

Question 18

What is Free Energy ( gibbs)

Answer 18

Amount of energy available to preform work

Question 19

H=G + TS

Answer 19

enthalpy = usable E + unusable E

Question 20

What is are Exergonic Reactions?

Answer 20

Products have LESS free energy than its reactants.

• delta G is negative
• spontaneous
• favor product
• energy releasing
• BREAK

Question 21

What are endergonic reactions?

Answer 21

Products have MORE free energy than its reactants.

• delta G is positive
• MAKE
  -favor reactants
• needs input of energy

Question 22

What is the delta G of ATP

Answer 22

-7.3 kcal ( exergonic)

Question 23

What is ATP?

Answer 23

Adenosine Triphosphate

• made from ADP + P
• high energy
• constantly generated/ NONE stored
• always made on demand

Question 24

What is ATP used for?

Answer 24

• chemical work- synthesis macromolecules

-mechanical work- pump substances

• transport work- contract muscles

Question 25

What are Metabolic Pathways?

Answer 25

linked reactions - cascade

• reactions that happen in sequence
• products are reactants of next
• proceeds through several intermediates and ends with different product

Question 26

What is the difference between a cycle and a pathway?

Answer 26

Pathway: start and end are different

Cycle: start and end are the same

Question 27

What is a metabolic turnover?

Answer 27

coupling of endergonic and exergonic reactions.

Question 28

Catabolism ( catabolic reactions)

Answer 28

Energy releasing = Exergonic

• harvest energy to make/transfer chemical bonds.

Question 29

Anabolism ( Anabolic reactions)

Answer 29

Energy requiring = Endergonic
- expend energy to make/transform chemical bond