Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Genetics > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Kinetochores

A

-fomred on the centromere region of the chromosome
-spindle microtubules attatch to the kinetochore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the differences between meiosis and mitosis?

A

-two daughter cells, each 2n are produced in mitosis
-four daughter cells, each n are produced in meiosis
-Meiosis has two different separations stages while mitosis only has one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the relationship between being haploid and meiosis?

A

-Haploid: n, has only 1 copy of the chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When do the cells in meiosis become haploid?

A

after meiosis II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the relationship between diploid and mitosis?

A

Diploid: 2n in mitosis for a total of 46 chromosomes; this is when the cell has two sets of chromosmes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sugoshin

A

protein that prevents cohesin degradation during meiosis I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does sugoshin help protect?

A

cohesin at the centromere
-it is eventually degraded and allows the cohesin at the centromeres to break down and allows the chromosomes to seperate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Template Strand in Transcription

A

the strand that is transcribed
-contains the transcription unit: a promoter, RNA coding sequence, terminator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Non-Template Strand in Transcription

A

not usually transcribed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the sigma factor?

A

binding to the promoter when transcription starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is created when the sigma factor binds to the core enzyme and what is the function?

A

-holoenzyme
-capable of binging promoter and initiating transcription as it is one of many transcription factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Eukaryotic promoters

A

-direct RNA polymerase to know where to go (not transcribed)
-normally negative and upstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prokaryotic Promoters

A

-consensus sequences are used as promoters
- -10 consensus: 10 bp upstream of the start site
- -35 consensus sequence: TTGACA
-Location of sequence determines start site of transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What has been shown experientally to influence transcription?

A

Base mutations in promoters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What binds to the promoter in prokaryotic transcription?

A

holoenzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does termination occur in rho-dependent termination?

A

uses a terminator sequence to cause polymerase to pause
-Rho protein binds to the rut site and moves toward the 3’ end
-When RNA polymerase encounters a terminator sequence it pauses and allows rho to catch up and unwind the DNA-RNA hybrid stopping transcription

17
Q

How does termination occur in rho-independent transcription?

A

hairpin structure, followed by a string of uracils
-transcription terminates when inverted repeats form a hairpin followed by a string of U’s because it destabilizes DNA-RNA pairing

18
Q

How are -10 and -35 useful to promoters?

A

both are consensus sequences and are found upstream of the start site
-sigma factor binds to core enzyme creating a holoenzyme. This then binds to the -10 and -35 sequence

19
Q

Basal Transcription Apparatus is found where and what is its function?

A

-general transcription factor and RNA polymerase
-these are only found in eukaryotes and bind to the promoter to recruit RNA polymerase

20
Q

What is the role of the 5’ and 3’ UTR?

A

-help initiate translation
-5’ end is bound by proteins that are recognized by the 5’ cap and 3’ tail
-have clear distinction where coding stops and UTR starts which sets the reading frame

21
Q

What is an intron?

A

-intervening sequences that are removed by DNA splicing
-rare in prokaroytes; all classes of eukaryotic genes contain introns
-variable length; 200 to over 50,000 bp

22
Q

What is an exon?

A

expressed coding region

23
Q

What is the splice some?

A

removes introns and rejoins exons

24
Q

Where does the splicesome remove introns at?

A

-5’ consensus sequence: GU A/G AGU (where splicing occurs on 5’ end)
-3’ consensus sequence: CAGG

25
Q

What is the branch point in the splicesome mechanisim?

A

the adnenine that is ~18-40 NT’s upstream of 3’ splicing site

26
Q

What can happen if the branch point is deleted or mutated?

A

splicing is prevented

27
Q

What is the splicesome made out of?

A

five RNA molecules + 300 proteins which controls the process of splicing

28
Q

What does splicing require?

A

consensus sequense that are present at the 5’ splice site and the 3’ splice site, with a weak one at the branch point

29
Q

How many steps is splicing? What is it facilitated by?

A

-5 snRNAs
-2 step process

30
Q

siRNA function

A

triggers degradation of other RNA molecules in eukaroytic cells in the nucleus and cytoplasm

31
Q

miRNA function

A

inhibits translation of mRNA in eukaryotic cells in the nucleus and cytoplasm

32
Q

E site function

A

exit site

33
Q

P site function

A

peptidyl site occupies fMET-tRNA

34
Q

A site function

A

aminoacyl site; EF-Tu, GTP, and charged tRNA form a complex

35
Q
A

Genetics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions