Chapter 3: Basic Principles of Heredity Flashcards
How was Mendel advanced for his time?
He used proper experimental models and used an experimental approach. He also analyzed results mathmatically
What was Mendel’s monohybrid cross experimental design?
Mendel removed the anthers from flowers to prevent self-fertilization and dusted the stigma with pollen from a different plant
What was Mendel’s Reciprocal cross results?
-Mendel crossed two homozygous varieties of peas
-All the F1 seeds were round. Mendel allowed plants grown from these seeds to self-fertilize
-3/4 of the F2 seeds were round and 1/4 were wrinkled
Monohybrid cross
cross between two parents that differ in a single characteristic
What are some conclusions that monohybrid crosses can differ in?
-one character is encoded by two genetic factors
-two genetic factors seperate when gametes are formed
-the concept of dominant and recessive traits
-two alleles separate with equal probability into the gametes
What is the principle of segregation?
each individual diploid organism possesses two alleles for any particular characteristic. These two alleles segregate when gametes are formed, and one allele goes into each gamete
What is the concept of dominance?
when two different alleles are present in a genotype, only the trait encoded by one of them (the dominant one) is observed in the phenotype
What is explained by the principle of segregation?
monohybrid crosses
Who discovered the chromosomal theory of heredity
Sutton
Backcross
cross between F1 and either of P1 generation
What was tested using the theory of inheritance and backcrosses ?
monohybrid crosses
What predicts the outcome of genetics crosses?
punnet squares
Probability
the likelihood of the occurrence of a particular event
What is used in genetics to predict the outcome of a cross?
probability
What is the key word in the multiplication rule?
and
What rule do you use to find the probability of 2 or more independent events taking place together?
Multiplication Rule
What rule do you use to find the probability of any one of two or more mutually exclusive events?
addition rule
What is the key word for the addition rule?
either/or
What is a testcross?
used to find an unknown genotype: cross unknown with homozygous recessive genotypes
What examines two traits at a time?
dihybrid cross
How do gametes sort themselves when they are on different chromosomes?
independently
How is independent assortment is related to meiosis?
through dihybrid crosses
