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Neuro > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Electrical synapses occur at _____.

A

gap junctions

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2
Q

What is NOT a feature of electrical synapses?

A

Ionic movements occur only in one direction.

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3
Q

Dense accumulations of proteins around the membrane on the presynaptic side is called _______.

A

active zones

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4
Q

What are examples of amino acid neurotransmitters?

A

GABA, Glycine
Glutamate

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5
Q

In a typical chemical synaptic transmission, when action potentials reach the axon terminal, depolarization of the terminal membrane causes voltage-gated _________ channels in the active zones to open, which stimulates exocytosis of neurotransmitters.

A

calcium

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6
Q

What is NOT a feature of transmitter (ligand)-gated ion channels?

A

Each subunit contains seven transmembrane domains.

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7
Q

Transient postsynaptic membrane depolarization caused by presynaptic release of neurotransmitter is called an __________.

A

EPSP

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8
Q

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is caused by the opening of _______ channels.

A

chloride

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9
Q

Which neurotransmitter is most likely causes an excitatory postsynaptic potential?

A

glutamate

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10
Q

What are the mechanisms of removal of neurotransmitters from a synaptic cleft?

A

Diffusion of transmitters away from the synapse

Reuptake of transmitters by axon terminal

Enzymatic degradation

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11
Q

Substances that bind to neurotransmitter receptors and block the normal action of the transmitter are called _______.

A

antagonists

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12
Q

The size of postsynaptic response generated by the transmitter contents of one synaptic vesicle is called a(n) ________ potential.

A

miniature postsynaptic

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13
Q

Summation of EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) generated simultaneously at many different synapses on a dendrite is called _______.

A

spatial summation

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14
Q

λ is dependent on the internal resistance (ri) and the membrane resistance (rm). λ ________ as rm increases.

A

increases

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT typically involved in inhibitory synapses?

A

glutamate

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16
Q

Neurons or axons that employ acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter are called _______.

A

cholinergenic

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17
Q

_________ is a key enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine.

A

Choline acetyltransferase

18
Q

What are examples of catecholamine neurtransmitters?

A

Serotonin

19
Q

Which receptors bind to glutamate?

A

AMPA receptors

NMDA receptors

Kainate receptors

20
Q

Activation of _____ receptors induces influx of chloride ions.

A

GABA-a

21
Q

The ability of one transmitter to activate more than one subtype of receptor and cause more than one type of synaptic response is called _______.

A

divergence

22
Q

Somatic motor neurons regulate _______________.

A

movement of skeletal muscles

23
Q

A cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system is called a _______.

A

nucleus

24
Q

The developmental process by which the neural plate forms the neural tube is called ________.

A

neuralation

25
Q

Which structure develops from the scond (i.e., middle) primary brain vesicle?

A

midbrain

26
Q

The outermost layer of the meninges in the central nervous system is called _____.

A

dura mater

27
Q

Which space carries the cerebrospinal fluid?

A

subarachnoid space

28
Q

Which ventricular structure exists in the diencephalon?

A

third ventricle

29
Q

Which structure contains the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons?

A

anterior gray horn

30
Q

How many pairs of cervical nerves do humans have?

A

8

31
Q

The area of the skin that provides sensory input to the central nervous system via one pair of spinal nerves or the trigeminal (V) nerves is called a ______.

A

dermatome

32
Q

Which structures are found in the medulla oblongata?

A

Cardiovascular center

Medullary respiratory center

Olive

33
Q

The pyramids are anterior protrusions found in the ______ and contain the corticospinal tracts.

A

medulla oblongata

34
Q

The ________ in the tectum of the midbrain is involved in eye movements for tracking moving images and scanning stationary images.

A

superior colliculus

35
Q

The ______________ consists of scattered nuclei in the wide areas between the upper spinal cord and the lower diencephalon and plays key roles in consciousness, arousal, and attention.

A

Reticular formation

36
Q

What are the main functions of the cerebellum?

A

Maintenance of posture

Maintenance of balance

Coordination of voluntary movement

37
Q

The _______ in the diencephalon acts as the major relay station for most sensory information that reach the primary sensory cortex of the cerebrum.

A

thalamus

38
Q

The frontal lobe and the temporal lobe of the cerebrum are separated by _______.

A

lateral cerebral sulcus

39
Q

The primary motor cortex exists in the ________ lobe and anterior to the __________.

A

frontal, central sulcus

40
Q

The corpus callosum is an example of the _________ tract, which transmit nerve impulses between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

A

commissural

Neuro (8 decks)

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