Ch 8: chemical senses

Question 1

five special senses

Answer 1

smell, taste, vision, hearing, equilibrium

Question 2

five tastes

Answer 2

salty, sweet, bitter, sour, umami

Question 3

four organs of taste

Answer 3

tongue, palate, pharynx, epiglottis

Question 4

papillae

Answer 4

protuberances on the tongue containing taste buds

Question 5

vallate papillae

Answer 5

back of tongue, 100-300 buds/papilla

Question 6

fungiform papillae

Answer 6

entire tongue, 5 buds/papilla

Question 7

foliate papillae

Answer 7

lateral tongue, no taste buds

Question 8

taste receptor cells

Answer 8

50-100 per taste bud

Question 9

gustatory pathway

Answer 9

Gustatory receptor cells → cranial nerves (facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves) → gustatory nucleus (in medulla) → thalamus → primary gustatory complex (in insula)

Question 10

labeled line hypothesis

Answer 10

Each taste receptor type responds to only one specific taste; connected by separate axons in the brain

Question 11

population coding

Answer 11

The responses of a large number of broadly tuned neurons are used to specify the properties of a particular taste

Question 12

olfactory epithelium cells

Answer 12

olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, basal cells

Question 13

supporting cells

Answer 13

provide physical support and nourishment

Question 14

basal cells

Answer 14

produce olfactory receptor cells

Question 15

olfactory nerve

Answer 15

made up of axons of olfactory receptor cells

Question 16

which cranial nerve is NOT involved in conduction of nerve impulses associated with the sense of taste?

Answer 16

oculomotor (III) nerve

Question 17

does the olfactory nerve directly project to the olfactory cortex?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

olfactory tract

Answer 18

axons of mitral cells

Question 19

olfactory population coding

Answer 19

each odor is represented by the activity of a large population of neurons

Question 20

olfactory maps

Answer 20

neurons responsible to particular odors may be organized into spatial maps

Question 21

olfactory temporal coding

Answer 21

the timing of action potentials may be an essential code for odors

Question 22

olfactory nerve axons project to ___________ cells in the olfactory bulb

Answer 22

mitral

Question 23

the olfactory bulb cells send axons to the _________________

Answer 23

olfactory cortex