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PSIO 202 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Major Functions of the Respiratory System

A

Gas Exchange
Protection
Produce Sound
Regulation
Expulsion of Abdominal Contents

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2
Q

External Nares = Nasal Vestibule True or False

A

True

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3
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Connects via internal nares
Inferior Border at soft palate

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4
Q

What is the pharyngotympanic tube used for?

A

Pressure Equalization

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5
Q

Where does the oropharynx go from?

A

Soft Palate to the Epiglottis

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6
Q

What does the uvula do?

A

Moves into place to separate oral and nasal cavities

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7
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Goes from epiglottis to esophagus
Posterior to larynx

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8
Q

Major Functions of the Larynx

A

Passageway for air
Keep food/drink out of respiratory system
Sound production

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9
Q

What is the epiglottis made up of

A

Elastic Cartilage

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10
Q

What does the epiglottis do in order to prevent food/liquid from entering the respiratory tract

A

Folds over

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11
Q

Why do we cough?

A

When anything other than air comes in

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12
Q

What is the Adam’s Apple

A

laryngeal prominence

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13
Q

Cricoid Function

A

Protects the glottis and entrance to trachea

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14
Q

Function and Other Name for Vestibular Folds

A

Helps to close off larynx during swallowing
False Vocal Cords

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15
Q

What do longer and thicker vocal cords mean?

A

Deeper Voice

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16
Q

First Affect of Sound Production

A

movement of air through the larynx and vibration of vocal cords

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17
Q

Second Step of Sound Production

A

amplification in pharynx, oral and nasal cavities

18
Q

Third Step of Sound Production

A

modification via tongue, soft palate and lips

19
Q

Goblet Cells Function

A

secrete thick saline solution to keep things moist

20
Q

Cilia Function

A

sweep anything stuck in mucus to pharynx to be swallowed

21
Q

Which primary bronchi is larger than the left?

A

Right

22
Q

Does relative smooth muscle increase or decrease as you move from primary to tertiary bronchi?

A

Increase

23
Q

What are the bronchi and bronchioles the site of?

A

Bronchoconstriction vs. Bronchodilation

24
Q

What are the 6 things each lobule contains?

A

Lymph Vessel, Arteriole, Venule, Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, and Alveoli

25
Q

Respiratory Zone List

A

Respiratory Bronchioles –> Alveolar Duct –> Atrium –> Alveoli

26
Q

Type 1 Alveolus Cells

A

95% of surface area
squamous epithelium
form walls of alveoli
extremely thin

27
Q

Type 2 Alveolus Cells

A

Smaller and rare
secrete surfactant
Move fluid in and out of alveoli

28
Q

Function of Alveolar Macrophages

A

remove dust and other things that get caught in mucus

29
Q

How does air flow? (2 things)

A

Flow depends on pressure gradients
Flow decreases as resistance increases

30
Q

Air Flow Diagram

A

Change in Lung Volume –> Change in Lung Air Pressire vs. Atmospheric Air –> Air movement

31
Q

What happens when atm air pressure is bigger than lung air pressure?

A

Air moves into lungs (inhalation)

32
Q

How do you make a change in lung volume?

A

Use a skeletal muscle pump to change volume of the thoracic cavity

33
Q

Muscles Used in Inspiration

A

Diaphragm (contract to increase thoracic volume)
External Intercostals (elevate ribs to increase thoracic volume)

34
Q

Muscles Used in Expiration

A

Diaphragm (relaxation to decrease thoracic volume)
Internal Intercostals (depress ribs to decrease thoracic volume)

35
Q

4 Accessory Muscles to Inspiration

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Internal Intercostals
Pectoralis Major and Minor

36
Q

3 Accessory Muscles to Expiration

A

Rectus Abdominis
External Abdominal Oblique
Erector Spinae

37
Q

Is inspiration an active or passive process?

A

Active

38
Q

Do you need a higher or lower alveolar pressure for air to move in?

A

Lower

39
Q

Intrapleural Pressure

A

should be negative relative to intrapulmonary
around -4 mm Hg

40
Q

2 Factors Contributing to Inward Force for Negative Intrapleural Pressure

A

Elastic recoil of lung
surface tension of alveolar fluid

41
Q

What happens when atm pressure is equal to intrapleural pressure?

A

Lung Collapses (Atelectasis)

PSIO 202 (6 decks)

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