Exam 2

Question 1

Major Functions of the Respiratory System

Answer 1

Gas Exchange
Protection
Produce Sound
Regulation
Expulsion of Abdominal Contents

Question 2

External Nares = Nasal Vestibule True or False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Nasopharynx

Answer 3

Connects via internal nares
Inferior Border at soft palate

Question 4

What is the pharyngotympanic tube used for?

Answer 4

Pressure Equalization

Question 5

Where does the oropharynx go from?

Answer 5

Soft Palate to the Epiglottis

Question 6

What does the uvula do?

Answer 6

Moves into place to separate oral and nasal cavities

Question 7

Laryngopharynx

Answer 7

Goes from epiglottis to esophagus
Posterior to larynx

Question 8

Major Functions of the Larynx

Answer 8

Passageway for air
Keep food/drink out of respiratory system
Sound production

Question 9

What is the epiglottis made up of

Answer 9

Elastic Cartilage

Question 10

What does the epiglottis do in order to prevent food/liquid from entering the respiratory tract

Answer 10

Folds over

Question 11

Why do we cough?

Answer 11

When anything other than air comes in

Question 12

What is the Adam’s Apple

Answer 12

laryngeal prominence

Question 13

Cricoid Function

Answer 13

Protects the glottis and entrance to trachea

Question 14

Function and Other Name for Vestibular Folds

Answer 14

Helps to close off larynx during swallowing
False Vocal Cords

Question 15

What do longer and thicker vocal cords mean?

Answer 15

Deeper Voice

Question 16

First Affect of Sound Production

Answer 16

movement of air through the larynx and vibration of vocal cords

Question 17

Second Step of Sound Production

Answer 17

amplification in pharynx, oral and nasal cavities

Question 18

Third Step of Sound Production

Answer 18

modification via tongue, soft palate and lips

Question 19

Goblet Cells Function

Answer 19

secrete thick saline solution to keep things moist

Question 20

Cilia Function

Answer 20

sweep anything stuck in mucus to pharynx to be swallowed

Question 21

Which primary bronchi is larger than the left?

Answer 21

Right

Question 22

Does relative smooth muscle increase or decrease as you move from primary to tertiary bronchi?

Answer 22

Increase

Question 23

What are the bronchi and bronchioles the site of?

Answer 23

Bronchoconstriction vs. Bronchodilation

Question 24

What are the 6 things each lobule contains?

Answer 24

Lymph Vessel, Arteriole, Venule, Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, and Alveoli

Question 25

Respiratory Zone List

Answer 25

Respiratory Bronchioles --> Alveolar Duct --> Atrium --> Alveoli

Question 26

Type 1 Alveolus Cells

Answer 26

95% of surface area squamous epithelium form walls of alveoli extremely thin

Question 27

Type 2 Alveolus Cells

Answer 27

Smaller and rare secrete surfactant Move fluid in and out of alveoli

Question 28

Function of Alveolar Macrophages

Answer 28

remove dust and other things that get caught in mucus

Question 29

How does air flow? (2 things)

Answer 29

Flow depends on pressure gradients Flow decreases as resistance increases

Question 30

Air Flow Diagram

Answer 30

Change in Lung Volume --> Change in Lung Air Pressire vs. Atmospheric Air --> Air movement

Question 31

What happens when atm air pressure is bigger than lung air pressure?

Answer 31

Air moves into lungs (inhalation)

Question 32

How do you make a change in lung volume?

Answer 32

Use a skeletal muscle pump to change volume of the thoracic cavity

Question 33

Muscles Used in Inspiration

Answer 33

Diaphragm (contract to increase thoracic volume) External Intercostals (elevate ribs to increase thoracic volume)

Question 34

Muscles Used in Expiration

Answer 34

Diaphragm (relaxation to decrease thoracic volume) Internal Intercostals (depress ribs to decrease thoracic volume)

Question 35

4 Accessory Muscles to Inspiration

Answer 35

Sternocleidomastoid Scalenes Internal Intercostals Pectoralis Major and Minor

Question 36

3 Accessory Muscles to Expiration

Answer 36

Rectus Abdominis External Abdominal Oblique Erector Spinae

Question 37

Is inspiration an active or passive process?

Answer 37

Active

Question 38

Do you need a higher or lower alveolar pressure for air to move in?

Answer 38

Lower

Question 39

Intrapleural Pressure

Answer 39

should be negative relative to intrapulmonary around -4 mm Hg

Question 40

2 Factors Contributing to Inward Force for Negative Intrapleural Pressure

Answer 40

Elastic recoil of lung surface tension of alveolar fluid

Question 41

What happens when atm pressure is equal to intrapleural pressure?

Answer 41

Lung Collapses (Atelectasis)