Exam 2

Question 1

Where are nonessential amino acids made in the body?

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

List the branched-chain amino acids

Answer 2

Leucine, isoleucine, valine

Question 3

Define an ergogenic aid

Answer 3

A substance used to enhance physical performance beyond the gains obtained from physical training alone

Question 4

List the foods in which you can find branched-chain amino acids

Answer 4

Meats, dairy products, legumes

Question 5

Which amino acids are most likely to cause toxicity when ingested in supplement form?

Answer 5

Methionine, cysteine, histidine

Question 6

What are complementary proteins?

Answer 6

Two good protein sources that make up for each other’s inadequate supply of specific essential amino acids

Question 7

What is the recommended dietary allowance for protein?

Answer 7

.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight

Question 8

What amount of amino acids make up all proteins?

Answer 8

20

Question 9

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 9

9

Question 10

How many nonessential amino acids are there?

Answer 10

11

Question 11

Oligopeptides consist of ____ to 9 groups of peptide bonds

Answer 11

4

Question 12

What determines a protein’s shape?

Answer 12

The order of amino acids

Question 13

What determines a protein’s function in the body?

Answer 13

Its final shape

Question 14

Define denaturation

Answer 14

Alteration of a protein’s three-dimensional structure

Question 15

Thyroid hormones are made of what type of amino acid?

Answer 15

Tyrosine

Question 16

Insulin is composed of how many amino acids?

Answer 16

51

Question 17

What needs to happen in order for the liver to produce glucose from amino acids?

Answer 17

Not enough carbs

Question 18

When do amino acids from muscle tissue convert into glucose?

Answer 18

In starvation

Question 19

Define marasmus

Answer 19

Starvation and insufficient protein and calories

Question 20

Kwashiorkor

Answer 20

Marginal amount of calories and insufficient protein

Question 21

Ovo-vegetarian diets include ____ in their diet

Answer 21

Eggs

Question 22

Pescatarian diets allow ____ in their diet

Answer 22

fish

Question 23

Define scurvy:

Answer 23

Fatigue, bleeding gums, bruising

Question 24

Scurvy is a disease caused by a deficiency of what vitamin?

Answer 24

C

Question 25

Define rickets

Answer 25

Bone disease in children

Question 26

What food can treat rickets?

Answer 26

Cod liver oil

Question 27

What vitamin is deficient in rickets?

Answer 27

D

Question 28

Define chlorosis:

Answer 28

Green skin color, weakness

Question 29

What is a vitamin?

Answer 29

Carbon-containing substances needed in small amounts by the body

Question 30

List the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 30

A D E K

Question 31

What vitamin is found in carrots?

Answer 31

A

Question 32

A deficiency of vitamin E results in:

Answer 32

Muscular weakness and neurological dysfunction

Question 33

Water soluble vitamins are primarily absorbed in the ________ intestine

Answer 33

Small

Question 34

List symptoms of vitamin A toxicity

Answer 34

Dry skin, headache, nausea, blurred vision, birth defects

Question 35

Vitamin content is greatest when a fruit or vegetable is _____

Answer 35

Ripe

Question 36

Fruits are good sources of what two vitamins?

Answer 36

A and C

Question 37

Minerals are

Answer 37

Individual chemical elements that can’t be broken down further

Question 38

Minerals are essential when

Answer 38

Dietary inadequacy causes physiological or structural abnormality

Question 39

Vitamin D increases ________ absorption

Answer 39

Calcium

Question 40

Excess of one mineral can decrease ______ of another

Answer 40

Absorption

Question 41

Refined grains contain lower amounts of what?

Answer 41

Vitamin E, B, minerals