Chapter 3 Study Guide

Question 1

How does the stomach protect itself from the low pH of stomach acid?

Question 2

What does the Golgi complex do?

Answer 2

packages proteins for export from the cell

Question 3

what is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 3

involved in protein and lipid synthesis

Question 4

what does a peroxisome do?

Answer 4

destroys toxic materials

Question 5

what are ribosomes?

Answer 5

sites of protein synthesis

Question 6

what is a lysosome?

Answer 6

digests worn-out or damaged cell components

Question 7

what is the cytoplasm?

Answer 7

consists of the fluid and organelles in the cell

Question 8

what is a mitochondrion?

Answer 8

main site of energy production in the cell

Question 9

what is the cell nucleus?

Answer 9

houses genetic material (DNA)

Question 10

what is the cell membrane?

Answer 10

a lipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm and regulates transport inside and out the cell

Question 11

when groups of similar cells work together, it is called a _______

Answer 11

tiissue

Question 12

list the four primary types of tissue

Answer 12

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Question 13

define epithelial tissue

Answer 13

composed of cells that cover surfaces both inside and outside the body

Question 14

define connective tissue

Answer 14

supports and protects the body, stores fat, and produces blood cells

Question 15

true or false: Nervous tissue is designed for movement

Answer 15

false, this defines muscle tissue

Question 16

which type of tissue is found in the brain and spinal cord and is designed for communication?

Answer 16

nervous tissue

Question 17

Which cell secretes important substances, absorbs nutrients, and excretes waste?

Answer 17

epithelial cells

Question 18

one, two, or more types of tissue combine to form more complex structures called _______

Answer 18

organs

Question 19

define organ

Answer 19

a group of tissues designed to perform a specific function

Question 20

briefly list the functions of the endocrine system

Answer 20

regulates metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions by producing hormones

Question 21

metabolism refers to what?

Answer 21

the entire collection of chemical process/reactions involved in maintaining life

Question 22

metabolic reactions can be categorized into what two terms?

Answer 22

anabolic or catabolic reactions

Question 23

describe anabolic reactions

Answer 23

molecules are joined together to synthesize new, larger products.

Question 24

true or false: catabolic reactions require energy

Answer 24

false, they release energy

Question 25

describe catabolic reactions

Answer 25

larger materials are broken down into smaller molecules

Question 26

anabolic reactions ________ energy

Answer 26

require

Question 27

energy metabolism begins in the ________ with the initial breakdown of ______

Answer 27

cytoplasm, glucose

Question 28

the catabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins _____ energy

Answer 28

yields

Question 29

what is the cells’ main energy currency?

Answer 29

adenosine triphosphate

Question 30

describe the first route of the blood flow in the cardiovascular system

Answer 30

blood circulates from the right side of the heart, through the lungs, and then back to the heart