Chapter 3 Study Guide Flashcards
How does the stomach protect itself from the low pH of stomach acid?
What does the Golgi complex do?
packages proteins for export from the cell
what is the endoplasmic reticulum?
involved in protein and lipid synthesis
what does a peroxisome do?
destroys toxic materials
what are ribosomes?
sites of protein synthesis
what is a lysosome?
digests worn-out or damaged cell components
what is the cytoplasm?
consists of the fluid and organelles in the cell
what is a mitochondrion?
main site of energy production in the cell
what is the cell nucleus?
houses genetic material (DNA)
what is the cell membrane?
a lipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm and regulates transport inside and out the cell
when groups of similar cells work together, it is called a _______
tiissue
list the four primary types of tissue
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
define epithelial tissue
composed of cells that cover surfaces both inside and outside the body
define connective tissue
supports and protects the body, stores fat, and produces blood cells
true or false: Nervous tissue is designed for movement
false, this defines muscle tissue
which type of tissue is found in the brain and spinal cord and is designed for communication?
nervous tissue
Which cell secretes important substances, absorbs nutrients, and excretes waste?
epithelial cells
one, two, or more types of tissue combine to form more complex structures called _______
organs
define organ
a group of tissues designed to perform a specific function
briefly list the functions of the endocrine system
regulates metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions by producing hormones
metabolism refers to what?
the entire collection of chemical process/reactions involved in maintaining life
metabolic reactions can be categorized into what two terms?
anabolic or catabolic reactions
describe anabolic reactions
molecules are joined together to synthesize new, larger products.
true or false: catabolic reactions require energy
false, they release energy
describe catabolic reactions
larger materials are broken down into smaller molecules
anabolic reactions ________ energy
require
energy metabolism begins in the ________ with the initial breakdown of ______
cytoplasm, glucose
the catabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins _____ energy
yields
what is the cells’ main energy currency?
adenosine triphosphate
describe the first route of the blood flow in the cardiovascular system
blood circulates from the right side of the heart, through the lungs, and then back to the heart
