Chapter 10 Lecture Flashcards
Some vitamins, minerals, plant compounds function as ___________
antioxidants
Name the nutrients that function as antioxidants:
What is oxidative stress?
Imbalance between production of reactive compounds and the body’s ability to protect against their adverse effects
Free radical formation
A weak bond between atom or molecule produces possible molecule or atom left with an umpires electron in its outer shell
Free radical
Unstable atom with unpaired electron in its outermost shell
What are external sources of free radicals?
Cigarette smoke, pesticides, drugs, radiation, toxic metals, alcohol, pollution, industrial chemicals
The body has _____ defense mechanisms to limit free radical formation
Two
Define enzyme activity
A body defense mechanism against free radicals that requires presence of minerals selenium, manganese, zinc, iron, copper
Define antioxidants in the context of free radical defense
Substance has ability to prevent or repair damage caused by oxidation
Name two metabolic type processes that produces free radicals
Digestion of food and immune system fighting infections
How many fruits and vegetable to eat daily? (From video)
7 servings
Define dietary antioxidant
A substance that significantly decreases the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species
List the functions of vitamin c
Collagen synthesis, antioxidant, increase iron absorption, vital for immune function, decrease formation of carcinogen nitrosamines, decrease severity of colds
Vitamin C is an _______ donor in redox reactions
Electron
Vitamin C reactivates vitamin _
E
List food sources of vitamin C
Citrus fruits, strawberries, green peppers, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, papaya, romaine, brighter fruits and vegetables
Adult RDA of vitamin c for women
75 mg/day
Average adult RDA of vitamin C for men:
90 mg/day
Smokers need an extra ___ mg of vitamin c because of increased oxidation by tobacco smoke in lungs
35
What is the average U.S. consumption of Vitamin C?
70-100 mg/day
Three carotenoids are __________—can be turned into Vitamin A
Provitamins
List the three carotenoids that are provitamins
Beta-carotene, Alpha-carotene,
List the functions of carotenoids
Vision, reduce macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease prevention, cancer prevention, lung, oral, skin, prostate
List sources of carotenoids
Dark green and yellow-orange vegetables and fruits,
List vitamin E functions
Development of muscles and central nervous system, antioxidant, maintains nervous tissue and immune function
List food sources of vitamin E
Salad oils, shortening, fortified cereals, nuts, seeds
List characteristics of selenium
Trace mineral, antioxidant enzyme, spares vitamin E and maintains cell membrane integrity, part of thyroid hormone activation
Cancer is the _______ leading cause of death in North America
Second
What is the estimated amount of people that die each day in the US from cancer?
1600
List the factors that influence development of cancer
Generics, environment, lifestyle, diet
List the cancer inhibiting components of foods,
Antioxidants, phytochemicals, preventing DNA mutations
Which vitamins help prevent formation of carcinogen in GI tract?
C and E
