Chapter 10 Lecture

Question 1

Some vitamins, minerals, plant compounds function as ___________

Answer 1

antioxidants

Question 2

Name the nutrients that function as antioxidants:

Question 3

What is oxidative stress?

Answer 3

Imbalance between production of reactive compounds and the body’s ability to protect against their adverse effects

Question 4

Free radical formation

Answer 4

A weak bond between atom or molecule produces possible molecule or atom left with an umpires electron in its outer shell

Question 5

Free radical

Answer 5

Unstable atom with unpaired electron in its outermost shell

Question 6

What are external sources of free radicals?

Answer 6

Cigarette smoke, pesticides, drugs, radiation, toxic metals, alcohol, pollution, industrial chemicals

Question 7

The body has _____ defense mechanisms to limit free radical formation

Answer 7

Two

Question 8

Define enzyme activity

Answer 8

A body defense mechanism against free radicals that requires presence of minerals selenium, manganese, zinc, iron, copper

Question 9

Define antioxidants in the context of free radical defense

Answer 9

Substance has ability to prevent or repair damage caused by oxidation

Question 10

Name two metabolic type processes that produces free radicals

Answer 10

Digestion of food and immune system fighting infections

Question 11

How many fruits and vegetable to eat daily? (From video)

Answer 11

7 servings

Question 12

Define dietary antioxidant

Answer 12

A substance that significantly decreases the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species

Question 13

List the functions of vitamin c

Answer 13

Collagen synthesis, antioxidant, increase iron absorption, vital for immune function, decrease formation of carcinogen nitrosamines, decrease severity of colds

Question 14

Vitamin C is an _______ donor in redox reactions

Answer 14

Electron

Question 15

Vitamin C reactivates vitamin _

Answer 15

E

Question 16

List food sources of vitamin C

Answer 16

Citrus fruits, strawberries, green peppers, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, papaya, romaine, brighter fruits and vegetables

Question 17

Adult RDA of vitamin c for women

Answer 17

75 mg/day

Question 18

Average adult RDA of vitamin C for men:

Answer 18

90 mg/day

Question 19

Smokers need an extra ___ mg of vitamin c because of increased oxidation by tobacco smoke in lungs

Answer 19

35

Question 20

What is the average U.S. consumption of Vitamin C?

Answer 20

70-100 mg/day

Question 21

Three carotenoids are __________—can be turned into Vitamin A

Answer 21

Provitamins

Question 22

List the three carotenoids that are provitamins

Answer 22

Beta-carotene, Alpha-carotene,

Question 23

List the functions of carotenoids

Answer 23

Vision, reduce macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease prevention, cancer prevention, lung, oral, skin, prostate

Question 24

List sources of carotenoids

Answer 24

Dark green and yellow-orange vegetables and fruits,

Question 25

List vitamin E functions

Answer 25

Development of muscles and central nervous system, antioxidant, maintains nervous tissue and immune function

Question 26

List food sources of vitamin E

Answer 26

Salad oils, shortening, fortified cereals, nuts, seeds

Question 27

List characteristics of selenium

Answer 27

Trace mineral, antioxidant enzyme, spares vitamin E and maintains cell membrane integrity, part of thyroid hormone activation

Question 28

Cancer is the _______ leading cause of death in North America

Answer 28

Second

Question 29

What is the estimated amount of people that die each day in the US from cancer?

Answer 29

1600

Question 30

List the factors that influence development of cancer

Answer 30

Generics, environment, lifestyle, diet

Question 31

List the cancer inhibiting components of foods,

Answer 31

Antioxidants, phytochemicals, preventing DNA mutations

Question 32

Which vitamins help prevent formation of carcinogen in GI tract?

Answer 32

C and E