exam

Question 1

Which joint(s) lie/lies at the distal end of the elbow?
A) shoulder B) wrist
C) knuckles D) all of the above
E) both b and c

Answer 1

E) both b and c

Question 2

Which joint(s) lie/lies at the distal end of the knee?
A) ankle B) hip
C) both a b D) neither a nor b

Answer 2

A) ankle

Question 3

Which two words refer to the front of the human body?
A) distal and proximal
B) posterior and dorsal
C) anterior and ventral
D) superior and anterior
E) ventral and dorsa

Answer 3

C) anterior and ventral

Question 4

The navel is on the _____ side of the body.
A) dorsal B) ventral
C) posterior D) distal
E) superior

Answer 4

B) ventral

Question 5

A body part that is above another body part is said to be;
A) anterior B) posterior
C) superior D) inferior
E) proximal

Answer 5

C) superior

Question 6

Which directional term means, toward or at the front of the body?
A) Superior B) Inferior
C) Anterior D) Posterior
E) Superficial

Answer 6

C) Anterior

Question 7

The spine is _____ to the breastbone.
A) Superior B) Inferior
C) Anterior D) Posterior
E) Superficial

Answer 7

D) Posterior

Question 8

Which directional term means, away from the head end or toward the lower part of the
body?
A) Superior B) Inferior
C) Anterior D) Posterior
E) Superficial

Answer 8

B) Inferior

Question 9

The skin is ____ to the muscles.
A) Superior B) Inferior
C) Anterior D) Posterior
E) Superficial

Answer 9

E) Superficial

Question 10

. The area behind the knee is known as the ____ region.
A) antebrachial B) cephalic
C) cervical D) popliteal
E) tarsal

Answer 10

A) antebrachial

Question 11

The calf of the leg is known as the _____ region.
B) sural B) dorsal
C) cubital D) brachial
E) popliteal

Answer 11

D) brachial

Question 12

The region between the anus and the external reproductive organs is known as the
___ region.
C) orbital B) perineal
C) plantar D) sacral
E) sural

Answer 12

B) perineal

Question 13

The region between the thorax and pelvis is known as the ____ region.
D) acromial B) gluteal
C) inguinal D) abdominal
E) Axillary

Answer 13

D) abdominal

Question 14

The lungs are located in the ______ cavity.
A) thoracic B) abdominal
C) pelvic D) vertebral
E) cranial

Answer 14

A) thoracic

Question 15

The liver is located in the_____ cavity.
A) thoracic B) abdominal
C) cranial D) pelvic
E) lumbar

Answer 15

B) abdominal

Question 16

Which two body
cavities are separated by
the diaphragm?
B) cranial and vertebral
C) thoracic and abdominopelvic
D) abdominal and pelvic
E) vertebral and thoracic
F) thoracic and pelvic

Answer 16

C) thoracic and abdominopelvic

Question 17

Explain how homeostatic mechanisms work.

Answer 17

—Homeostatic mechanisms are self-regulating control systems which help the body to
maintain a stable internal state despite external conditions
—Homeostatic mechanisms have three main parts; receptors, set point, effectors
—The receptors provide information about specific conditions
—The set point is what a particular value should be
—The effectors cause responses to alter conditions to return the state to the set point

Question 18

Compare and contrast the axial and appendicular subdivisions of the body.

Answer 18

—Both axial and appendicular refer to regions of the human body
—The axial subdivision of the refers to the head, neck, and trunk
—The appendicular subdivision of the body refers to the upper and lower limbs

Question 19

Describe anatomical position and explain its importance.

Answer 19

Body is erect
—Face forward
—Feet shoulder width apart
—Upper limbs at side
—Palms forward
—Importance = universal, used by researchers/doctors around the world, to communicate
when describing the body, so body is in a “known/understood” position

Question 20

What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body?
a) nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, sodium
b) hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, calcium
c) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
d) oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium
e) potassium, phosphorus, sodium, hydrogen

Answer 20

c) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 21

Which of the following subatomic particles has/have a neutral charge?
a) neutron
b) electron
c) proton
d) Both neutron and electron.
e) All of these choices.

Answer 21

a) neutron

Question 22

The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element’s
a) mass number.
b) atomic number.
c) atomic mass.
d) valence number.
e) None of these choices.

Answer 22

b) atomic number.

Question 23

. What is the name given to a negatively charged atom?
a) superoxide
b) isotope
c) catalyst
d) anion
e) cation

Answer 23

d) anion

Question 24

The chemical bonds formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms making up a water
molecule are called
a) nonpolar covalent bonds.
b) polar covalent bonds.
c) hydrogen bonds.
d) ionic bonds.
e) atomic bonds.

Answer 24

b) polar covalent bonds

Question 25

What is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body?
a) water
b) oxygen gas
c) carbon dioxide
d) glucose
e) DNA

Answer 25

a) water

Question 26

A solution with a pH value less than 7 is
a) basic.
b) neutral.
c) acidic.
d) alkaline.
e) concentrated

Answer 26

c) acidic.

Question 27

Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy?
a) glucose
b) sucrose
c) lactose
d) glycogen
e) maltose

Answer 27

a) glucose

Question 28

Which of the following is a common function of RNA?
a) produces electrical impulses
b) transfers energy for cellular metabolism
c) carries genetic code needed for protein synthesis
d) carries inherited genetic code that controls protein synthesis

Answer 28

c) carries genetic code needed for protein synthesis

Question 29

Which of the following is the major function of DNA?
a) catalyzes metabolic reactions
b) storage of energy transfers energy for cellular metabolism
c) transfer information carries genetic code needed for protein synthesis
d) long-term storage of information for carries inherited genetic code that controls protein
synthesis
e) transports of electrolytes

Answer 29

d) long-term storage of information for carries inherited genetic code that controls protein
synthesis

Question 30

Surface tension of an aqueous Solution is generated by the presence of _____ between water
molecules.
a) covalent bonds
b) ionic bonds
c) hydrogen bonds
d) ester links
e) None of these choices.

Answer 30

c) hydrogen bonds

Question 31

Describe the functions of water in the body.

Answer 31

Water is a vital component for the proper functioning of the human body, playing numerous
essential roles in maintaining health and sustaining life. Comprising a significant portion of the
body, water is found in cells, tissues, and organs, and its functions extend across various
physiological processes.
Water is integral to nutrient transport, temperature regulation, joint lubrication, waste
elimination, and skin health. Adequate hydration is crucial for overall well-being, and
maintaining a balance in water intake is essential for optimal bodily functions and health.

Question 32

What are the three main parts of a human body cell?
a) plasma membrane, organelles, cytoplasm
b) plasma membrane, organelles, nucleus
c) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles
d) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
e) plasma membrane, cytosol, organelles

Answer 32

d) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 33

The three main components of the lipid bilayer portion of a plasma membrane are
a) phospholipids, glycoproteins, and water.
b) proteins, cholesterol, and fatty acids.
c) cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycolipids.
d) phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids.
e) phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.

Answer 33

d) phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids.

Question 34

This type of membrane protein enables cells to catalyze specific chemical reactions at the inner
or outer surface of their plasma membrane.
a) receptors
b) phospholipids
c) cholesterol
d) enzymes
e) ligands

Answer 34

d) enzymes

Question 35

Briefly describe the driving force for the movement of water across plasma membranes.

Answer 35

Water moves across membranes by osmosis, which is driven by solute concentration differences
across the membrane. Water moves from the area of low solute concentration to the area of high
solute concentrations.

Question 36

Which of the following is the transport process by which gases, like O 2 and CO 2 , move through
a membrane?
a) osmosis
b) active transport
c) secondary active transport
d) simple diffusion
e) endocytosis

Answer 36

d) simple diffusion

Question 37

f the solute concentration is greater inside of the cell than outside the cell, water will move by
osmosis
a) into the cell.
b) out of the cell.
c) into and out of the cell at the same rate resulting in no net water movement.
d) All of these answer choices are correct.

Answer 37

a) into the cell.

Question 38

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles is the site of synthesis of membrane
proteins and secretory proteins?
a) rough endoplasmic reticulum
b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) nucleus
d) lysosome
e) Golgi complex

Answer 38

a) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles modifies, sorts, and packages proteins destined for other regions of the cell?
a) endoplasmic reticulum
b) Golgi complex
c) peroxisomes
d) nucleus

Answer 39

b) Golgi complex

Question 40

Briefly state the functions of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 40

The rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes glycoproteins, phospholipids and digestive
enzymes that are transferred to other cellular organelles, inserted into the plasma membrane,
secreted during exocytosis or stored in the lysosomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesizes fatty acids and steroids, detoxifies harmful substances, removes phosphate groups
from glucose-6-phosphate, and stores and releases calcium ions that trigger contractions in
muscle fibers