Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Who is Gladys Radek?
A
- First Nations woman whose niece has been missing since 2005
- Pivotal social justice advocate for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG)
- She has walked across Canada many times to raise awareness
- Organizes vigils and advocates across Canada
2
Q
Who is Paul Sawka?
A
- He has Down syndrome
- He has a great life and is proud
- It is important as a parent to have high expectations and to give lots of support to your child
- He played sports, went to school, liked learning, went to university
- He works at the Canadian Down Syndrome Society office
- He is independent but has some help
- I want people to understand that I can do what others can, but sometimes need a little extra help, or need to do it in a different way
3
Q
Ontario funding for IVF procedures
A
- One cycle of IVF is covered today by the Ontario government
- A woman’s eggs will be retrieved after only one cycle, if none of the eggs implant, in most cases the government won’t pay for her to have the procedure done a second time
- Eligibility for government funding includes being under the age of 43 years and determination that IVF is an appropriate course of treatment
- The program is available to anyone regardless of sex, gender, sexual orientation, or family status
- Prior to this new funding, Ontarians were spending thousands of dollars to have this procedure performed
4
Q
The Canadian Centre for Substance Use and Addiction
A
- Women between the ages of 25–34, during 2003–2010, had increased risky drinking more than any other group
- They account for 62% of births in Canada
- This reinforces not only the need for education regarding drinking during pregnancy, but also the importance of addressing systemic issues such as stress, poverty, and mental health concerns
5
Q
Indigenous midwives
A
- Indigenous midwives have existed since time immemorial, and despite oppression of cultural practices under colonial rule, midwives have served both urban and rural Indigenous communities throughout Canada
- Challenging as many communities are remote, and when birthing in medicalized environments, both patients and Indigenous midwives often face racism and mistreatment
- Endeavour to empower women through culturally appropriate birthing processes and by building stronger communities through celebrations of cultural distinctiveness
- Was opened in 2012 with a focus on returning traditional birthing practices to Tyendinaga
- The Inuulitsivik Health Centre in Nunavik, Quebec, has been the on-call primary care provider for maternity care since 1986
6
Q
Stem cells
A
- Stem cells are cells that are blank slates, holding the potential to be developed into virtually any cell in the human body
- A newborn’s umbilical cord is rich with stem cells that can be preserved and potentially used to save the life of the baby or a member of the baby’s family
- A new Canadian trend is to pay a private stem cell bank to store these valuable cells, which could be the subject of a new medical discovery
- Canadian researchers are at the forefront of stem cell research—and ethical controversy
7
Q
Changes to maternity and parental leave
A
- As part of the new benefits package, after a baby is born or adopted, either the mother or father can take 35 weeks of parental leave, or the parents can share the leave
- For eligible parents, the benefits equal 55% of the average weekly insurable wage (up to 80% for low-income families)
- For extended parental leave, benefits can be paid up to 61 weeks but must be claimed a week within the birth or adoption of the child
8
Q
What are cradleboards?
A
- Safe and comfortable Indigenous method used throughout North America to carry babies
- Support the baby’s physiological and psychosocial development, as well as help with colic
9
Q
SBS and AHT
A
- 364 victims of SBS and AHT who were admitted to hospital
- 81% of the children survived but suffered neurological deficit, visual impairment, and ongoing care issues
- 19% died
- The incidence of SBS and AHT is likely significantly underestimated due to misdiagnoses and underreporting
9
Q
Engagement between caregiver and baby
A
- Comforting engagement between a caregiver and a baby can affect children on a molecular level
- They found that the children who experienced higher distress and received relatively little contact had an “epigenetic age,” which is linked to poorer health and weakened immune systems
10
Q
DVDs and infant learning
A
- Baby Einstein and other popular baby DVDs are designed and marketed to promote infant learning
- These videos might grab the child’s attention but they are not likely to promote development
- Infants exposed to baby DVDs scored lower on language development than children with no screen time
- Turning on the television actually reduces interaction time between caregivers and children
- It might be a productive way to spend time with a child but be cautious about their value and use
- Reading does boost language ability for babies and toddlers
11
Q
Due to colonization and the attempted genocide against Indigenous peoples, family and community interrelationships have been severely disrupted
——————–
Useful strategies for supporting and strengthening attachment between caregivers and infants and young children
A
- The importance and valuing of attachment and bonding can be found worldwide
- Among the Indigenous peoples of Canada, attachment is also diverse and non-homogeneous, both historically and in contemporary contexts
- ## A more Eurocentric western view of attachment places emphasis primarily on the attachments between caregivers and infants, while many Indigenous perspectives incorporate a more holistic view of attachment to include the broader family, community, culture, and nation
- The impact of residential schools and the “Sixties Scoop,” which involved the forcible removal of children from their parents and communities, has greatly impacted family structures
- As many Indigenous parents and grandparents were “raised” in foster care or the residential school system, they were separated from trusted caregivers and were often exposed to grief, abuse, loss, and trauma
- As a result, as adults they are more likely to form unhealthy attachments with their own children and grandchildren due to unresolved feelings and experiences
- These factors as well as continued structural oppression has negatively impacted attachments and bonding within close interrelationships
- Indigenous children are 15 times more likely to end up in the child welfare system
- ## Both ongoing endeavours and revitalization of cultural practices for many communities has been essential to restoring healing, health, and harmony in interrelationships
- Be responsive, comforting, and soothing to children, particularly when infants and children are distressed.
- Create warm and joyful memories.
- Role-model predictive behaviour (having children know where you are and when you are returning).
- Express positive feelings such as joy and love toward children. Also, accept the feelings of the infant or child, such as sadness or anger.
- Allow children to safely explore their world, while not being overly intrusive or directive.
12
Q
Child welfare
A
- provincial and territorial responsibility
- each province and territory and each Indigenous child welfare organization has a different mandate regarding the duty to report
- anyone who has reasonable grounds to suspect child abuse must report that situation
- Reasonable grounds refer to any suspicions of abuse that an average person would identify, given that person’s training, background, and experience, when exercising normal and honest judgment
- even if a previous report has been made, additional reasonable grounds must also be reported
- reporting person must communicate directly with the appropriate provincial or territorial protection agency and cannot rely on anyone else to report on his or her behalf
- reporter has no responsibility to collect any information, a task that is best left to the authorities,
- Reporting may be done anonymously
- Parents who experience difficulty in controlling their aggressive impulses toward their children are also encouraged to call for support
13
Q
Childcare costs
A
- 54% of parents utilize childcare services
- Ontario cities have the highest infant fees
- Montreal is 10 times cheaper than Toronto
- Quebec, Manitoba, and Prince Edward Island fund child care operationally, which allows for a setting of more affordable childcare fees at a provincial level.
14
Q
Canada vs Inuit parent involvement
A
- Canadians are becoming more and more involved in their children’s lives
- Children spend less time alone than ever before, and when they are alone, they are often monitored closely
- Inuit more likely to be encouraged to make their own choices and to explore and build independence
- Learning is encouraged through individual effort and at a pace that is set by the child
- groundwork for encouraging Inuit values of self-reliance, resourcefulness, and patience
- greater degree of freedom than other Canadian children, and their limitations are guided only by the potential for harm to self or others
