Exam

Question 1

Adhesive capsulitis- pathology

Answer 1

frozen shoulder occurs when this capsule thickens and tightens around the shoulder joint, restricting movement

Question 2

friction protocol

Answer 2

pad of finger or thumb, works well for lig of tendon, work from edge towards focal point in muscle/ligament/tendon, 10-20 secs then cease/re-start. after ceasing- effleurage to nearest proximal lymph node

Question 3

Connective tissue manipulative massage protocol

Answer 3

explain discomfort can last 24-48 hours, can prep with effleurage/petrissage, establish bind and push/pull in all direction to identify restriction, hold pinch for 30 secs, use hands to create torque pulls

Question 4

trigger point protocol

Answer 4

stres test= pressure till full pain (7/10)- if Px is equal or increase do not perform, if Px decreaes= suitable for TrP release, explain may cause bruising, downward pressure till px= 7/10 and hold for <30 sec= decreased pain then press deeper till Px increases to 7/10, repeat 2 mins

Question 5

adhesive capsulitis- predictable clinical assessment findings

Answer 5

frozen stage= insidious onset of vague, dull pain at deltoid insertion, pain with Sh movement, pain at night (inability to sleep on affected side), limited AROM/PROM
second stage- patients will complain of stiffness and severe loss of Sh movement
inability to reach above head

Special tests- used to rule out different diagnosis- e.g. empty can impingement test, not specific frozen shoulder test

Question 6

possible cause- ac

Answer 6

immobility during recovery from shoulder injury, more often women, more likely for ages 40-60, diabetes increases risk,

Question 7

common compensatory movement patterns- AC

Answer 7

stiffness in neck can be a compensation from weeks of immobility in the shoulder. Many people will hitch or shrug shoulder

Question 8

Hyperlordosis- pathology

Answer 8

An increase in lordotic angle proportionally increases the shearing strain or stress in the anterior direction and shifts COG anteriorly. Weakness of muscles of the lumbar-pelvic belt can lead to hyperlorosis

Question 9

hyperlordosis- causes

Answer 9

weakness of the trunk, short back muscles, weak thigh, and hamstrings etc., congenital spine deformites, imbalance between the muscles surrounding the pelvic bones (e.g. weak core muscles, weak gluteal muscles), obesity

Question 10

clinical assessment findings- hyperlordosis

Answer 10

LBP- may experince mild to severe to LBP, may experience back spams
stiffness in lumber spine,
severe changes- loss of bladder control, observe Excessive curvature of Lx
refer for X-ray to rule out facet OA

Question 11

Common movement pattern- hyperlorosis

Answer 11

lack of movement through lumber spine during gait cycle. Observe protracted head

Question 12

Quad strain- pathology

Answer 12

A tearing of the muscle fibres caused by over lengthening or over loading. 3 grades- grade 1- minor tear limited dyfunction, grade 3= complete tear.

Question 13

clinical presentation/ findings- quad strain

Answer 13

decreased strength when performing knee ext
grade 1 symptoms= general feeling of tightness, mild discomfort and pain
grade 2- sudden sharp pain, swelling/bruising will be mild, decreased strength and ROM at knee
grade 3- severe sudden pain in quadriceps area, pt unable to walk, severe swelling and significant bruising, muscle contraction= painful
special test= Duncan- Ely test- reduced ROM during test due to pain and stiffness

Question 14

quad strain causes

Answer 14

Over stretching, overuse, poor technique when completing movement, overloading

Question 15

common compensating movement pattern quad strain

Answer 15

antalgic gait due to pain

Question 16

Hamstring strain- patho

Answer 16

caused by rapid extensive contraction or a violent stretch of hamstring muscle group which causes high mechanical stress- results in varying degrees of rupture within the fibres of the musculoteninous unit

Question 17

hamstring strain- clinical finding

Answer 17

Decreased ROM in knee ext and flex, decreased ROM on straight leg raise, decreased strength on knee flexion
pain, tenderness, swelling (depending on grade)
grade 1- just a few fibres are damaged- rarley effects muscle power/endurance, stiffness on hamstring
grade 2- approx half fibres torn- symptoms= acute pain, swelling and mild function loss- gait affected
grade 3- more than half muscle fibres ruptured- massive swelling and pain, great muscle weakness

Question 18

hamstring strain- causes

Answer 18

over stretching- e.g. during swing phase of gait cycle. Overloading, overuse, poor technique

Question 19

hamstring strain- common compensatory movement pattern

Answer 19

antalgic gait- decreased swing phase of gait cycle

Question 20

plantar fasciitis- patho

Answer 20

a result of collagen degeneration of the plantar fascia at the origin (calcaneal tuberosity) as well as surrounding structures

Question 21

plantar fascitis- casues

Answer 21

overue injury common in runners, weakness/tightness of plantar flexor muscles, reduced dorsiflexion, more risk impact/weight bearing activities e.g. running, can be caused by increased BMI

Question 22

clinical findings- plantar fascitis

Answer 22

heel pain with first step in morning or after long periods of NWB, tenderness to the anterior medial heel, limited dorsi flexion, decreased ROM with dorsi flexion, decreased plantar flexion strength

Question 23

plantar fascitis- common compensatory patten

Answer 23

antalgic gait- reduced DF during initial contact stage of gait cycle

Question 24

role of STR

Answer 24

technique used by massage to restore normal flexibility to a muscle when muscle becomes very tense and shortened- used after muscle warmed up

Question 25

aim of trigger point

Answer 25

aim is to deliverately cause the blockage of blood to an area so that upon release, there will be removal of waste products, supplies the necessary oxygen and helps affected tissue to heal. Release areas of stiffness

Question 26

aim of frictions in sport massage

Answer 26

help relieve tissue tightess after injury. Commonly used with scar tissue- movement of area will increase blood supply, can optimise quality of scar tissue, can reduce pain