Exam Flashcards
Adhesive capsulitis- pathology
frozen shoulder occurs when this capsule thickens and tightens around the shoulder joint, restricting movement
friction protocol
pad of finger or thumb, works well for lig of tendon, work from edge towards focal point in muscle/ligament/tendon, 10-20 secs then cease/re-start. after ceasing- effleurage to nearest proximal lymph node
Connective tissue manipulative massage protocol
explain discomfort can last 24-48 hours, can prep with effleurage/petrissage, establish bind and push/pull in all direction to identify restriction, hold pinch for 30 secs, use hands to create torque pulls
trigger point protocol
stres test= pressure till full pain (7/10)- if Px is equal or increase do not perform, if Px decreaes= suitable for TrP release, explain may cause bruising, downward pressure till px= 7/10 and hold for <30 sec= decreased pain then press deeper till Px increases to 7/10, repeat 2 mins
adhesive capsulitis- predictable clinical assessment findings
frozen stage= insidious onset of vague, dull pain at deltoid insertion, pain with Sh movement, pain at night (inability to sleep on affected side), limited AROM/PROM
second stage- patients will complain of stiffness and severe loss of Sh movement
inability to reach above head
Special tests- used to rule out different diagnosis- e.g. empty can impingement test, not specific frozen shoulder test
possible cause- ac
immobility during recovery from shoulder injury, more often women, more likely for ages 40-60, diabetes increases risk,
common compensatory movement patterns- AC
stiffness in neck can be a compensation from weeks of immobility in the shoulder. Many people will hitch or shrug shoulder
Hyperlordosis- pathology
An increase in lordotic angle proportionally increases the shearing strain or stress in the anterior direction and shifts COG anteriorly. Weakness of muscles of the lumbar-pelvic belt can lead to hyperlorosis
hyperlordosis- causes
weakness of the trunk, short back muscles, weak thigh, and hamstrings etc., congenital spine deformites, imbalance between the muscles surrounding the pelvic bones (e.g. weak core muscles, weak gluteal muscles), obesity
clinical assessment findings- hyperlordosis
LBP- may experince mild to severe to LBP, may experience back spams
stiffness in lumber spine,
severe changes- loss of bladder control, observe Excessive curvature of Lx
refer for X-ray to rule out facet OA
Common movement pattern- hyperlorosis
lack of movement through lumber spine during gait cycle. Observe protracted head
Quad strain- pathology
A tearing of the muscle fibres caused by over lengthening or over loading. 3 grades- grade 1- minor tear limited dyfunction, grade 3= complete tear.
clinical presentation/ findings- quad strain
decreased strength when performing knee ext
grade 1 symptoms= general feeling of tightness, mild discomfort and pain
grade 2- sudden sharp pain, swelling/bruising will be mild, decreased strength and ROM at knee
grade 3- severe sudden pain in quadriceps area, pt unable to walk, severe swelling and significant bruising, muscle contraction= painful
special test= Duncan- Ely test- reduced ROM during test due to pain and stiffness
quad strain causes
Over stretching, overuse, poor technique when completing movement, overloading
common compensating movement pattern quad strain
antalgic gait due to pain
Hamstring strain- patho
caused by rapid extensive contraction or a violent stretch of hamstring muscle group which causes high mechanical stress- results in varying degrees of rupture within the fibres of the musculoteninous unit
hamstring strain- clinical finding
Decreased ROM in knee ext and flex, decreased ROM on straight leg raise, decreased strength on knee flexion
pain, tenderness, swelling (depending on grade)
grade 1- just a few fibres are damaged- rarley effects muscle power/endurance, stiffness on hamstring
grade 2- approx half fibres torn- symptoms= acute pain, swelling and mild function loss- gait affected
grade 3- more than half muscle fibres ruptured- massive swelling and pain, great muscle weakness
hamstring strain- causes
over stretching- e.g. during swing phase of gait cycle. Overloading, overuse, poor technique
hamstring strain- common compensatory movement pattern
antalgic gait- decreased swing phase of gait cycle
plantar fasciitis- patho
a result of collagen degeneration of the plantar fascia at the origin (calcaneal tuberosity) as well as surrounding structures
plantar fascitis- casues
overue injury common in runners, weakness/tightness of plantar flexor muscles, reduced dorsiflexion, more risk impact/weight bearing activities e.g. running, can be caused by increased BMI
clinical findings- plantar fascitis
heel pain with first step in morning or after long periods of NWB, tenderness to the anterior medial heel, limited dorsi flexion, decreased ROM with dorsi flexion, decreased plantar flexion strength
plantar fascitis- common compensatory patten
antalgic gait- reduced DF during initial contact stage of gait cycle
role of STR
technique used by massage to restore normal flexibility to a muscle when muscle becomes very tense and shortened- used after muscle warmed up
aim of trigger point
aim is to deliverately cause the blockage of blood to an area so that upon release, there will be removal of waste products, supplies the necessary oxygen and helps affected tissue to heal. Release areas of stiffness
aim of frictions in sport massage
help relieve tissue tightess after injury. Commonly used with scar tissue- movement of area will increase blood supply, can optimise quality of scar tissue, can reduce pain
