Exam 1 - Week 2 & 3 Chapter 1

Question 1

a chain of ancestors and their descendants

Answer 1

lineage

Question 2

cetaceans possess many traits found only in _____

Answer 2

mammals

Question 3

a 40 million year old whale that has different types of teeth, some of which have complicated surfaces that bear a strong resemblance to the teeth of some extinct land mammals.

Answer 3

Dorudon

Question 4

a mechanism that can lead to evolution, whereby differential survival or reproduction of individuals causes some genetic types to replace others

Answer 4

natural selection

Question 5

the independent origin of similar traits in separate lineages

Answer 5

convergent evolution

Question 6

structural characters that are similar due to a shared common ancestry

Answer 6

homology

Question 7

a derived form of a trait that is shared by a group of related species

Answer 7

synapomorphy

Question 8

Ambulocetus

Answer 8

“walking whale”; the first fossil whale with legs that paleontologist

Question 9

a visual representation of the evolutionary history of populations, genes, or species

Answer 9

phylogeny

Question 10

studying limb development in dolphins has revealed some of the mechanisms responsible for the evolutionary

Answer 10

loss of hindlimbs

Question 11

Know the misconceptions about evolution

Answer 11

17 of them - in notes

Question 12

the number of viable offspring you produce (your offspring)

Answer 12

direct fitness/reproductive success

Question 13

the numer of viable offspring produced by those related to you (siblings, cousins, etc)

Answer 13

indirect fitness

Question 14

the number of viable offspring you produce (your offspring) (DIRECT FITNESS) PLUSthe numer of viable offspring produced by those related to you (siblings, cousins, etc) (INDIRECT FITNESS)

Answer 14

Inclusive fitness

Question 15

the number of copies of your genes left in future generations; this is the clearest definition and very hard to measure

Answer 15

fitness

Question 16

species that you can only tell apart molecularly

Answer 16

cryptic species (pocket gophers)

Question 17

darwin raised different pigeon breeds that all came from

Answer 17

wild rock dove

Question 18

the struggle for existence and the triangle of life

Answer 18

know drawing
basically you cant spend too much time on the on thing because then you don’t have time for the others
avoid death-find food- reproduce

Question 19

vestigial organs

Answer 19

parts that are not used but still there
wings in new zealand kiwi (dont fly)
vestigial muscle in humans (arrector pili muscle makes hair stand up to make you look bigger - defense mechanism)

Question 20

corroborating evidence that whales evolved from terrestrial mammals

Answer 20

paleontological, morphological, molecular, vestigial structures, embryological, paleobiogeographic,

Question 21

a gene that once produced a protein, but because of accumulation of mutations no longer does.

Answer 21

fossil gene

Question 22

why is tuberculosis more deadly than leprosy

Answer 22

tuberculosis (airborn) can live on its own without a host. leprosy can not live without a host . if its not using its metabolic genes then it looses them and fossilizes - which is why leprosy has more fossil genes than tuberculosis

Question 23

what is the concept of “use it or lose it”? examples?

Answer 23

genes will no longer produce proteins if they are not used; humans have a lot of fossilized genes that have to do with smell

Question 24

what is the interplay or connection between descent with modification and natural selection

Answer 24

?