Exam 1-Transport of Solutes and Water

Question 1

colligative properties

Answer 1

properties of a solution that depends only on the number of solute particles in a given volume
(independent of chemical nature)

Question 2

(colligative properties)

osmotic pressure

Answer 2

-osmotic pressure: pressure generated by the osmotic movement of water between two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane
hypo (lower than)
hyper (higher than)
(water intoxication, drinking ocean water, intestinal infection)

Question 3

tonicity

Answer 3

ability of an extracellular solution to change the shape (tone) of cells by altering their internal water volume

Question 4

(colligative properties)

freezing-point depression

Answer 4

-difference between freezing point of a solution and the freezing point of pure water
-solutes disrupt crystalline structure of ice: (-1.86oC/osmol/kg)
(sand/salt on icy roads, ice formation in freshwater vs ocean, cells and tissues)

Question 5

(colligative properties)

water-vapor-pressure depression

Answer 5

-difference between the vapor pressure of a solution and the vapor pressure of pure water
-water evaporates less readily when it contains particles: (-0.3 mmHg/osmol/kg)
(sweat and saliva)

Question 6

diffusion

Answer 6

movement of solutes down their concentration gradients

Question 7

boundary layer

Answer 7

region near the cell surface that has a elevated concentration of solute due to the diffusion of a solute across a semipermeable membrane (ex: heat)

Question 8

electrochemical equilibrium

Answer 8

state at which the concentration gradient of an ion across a membrane is precisely balanced by the electric potential across the membrane

Question 9

(ion channels)

voltage gated

Answer 9

at one charge the AA like being next to each other, when charge changes they no longer want to be next to each other

Question 10

(ion channels)

phosphorylation gated

Answer 10

phosphorylated by GPCR

neurons

Question 11

(ion channels)

ligand gated

Answer 11

ligands are used…