Exam 1-Energy Metabolism

Question 1

energy

Answer 1

• entropy
• capacity to increase order
• high grade: chemical, electrical, mechanical
• low grade: heat (low entropy, less capable of work, produced using high grade energies)

Question 2

using energy

Answer 2

1. biosynthesis (growth-positive)
2. maintenance (dead cells, immune system)
3. generation of external work

Question 3

(measuring energy consumption)

metabolic rate

Answer 3

rate of energy consumption
(total energy consumption/time)
-significance: food needs, intensity of living, ecological impact)

Question 4

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 4

• metabolic cost for living for homeotherms

- conditions: at rest, fasting, thermoneutral zone

Question 5

specific dynamic action

Answer 5

increase in metabolic rate following the ingestion of food

Question 6

thermoneutral zones

Answer 6

the ambient temperature range for an animal over which the metabolic range will not change with the changing temperature

Question 7

standard metabolic rate (SMR)

Answer 7

• metabolic cost of living for poikilotherms at a particular temperaure
• conditions: resting, fasting, constant temperature

Question 8

direct measuring of metabolic rate

Answer 8

kilocalorie (heat required to raise temperature of 1L H2O by 1oC

Question 9

indirect measuring of metabolic rate

Answer 9

estimations (more accessible)

• O2 comsumption (metab. has direct relationship with O2 comsumption and constant predictable diet)
• material balance (chemical-energy content of food/liquids ingested and feces/urine)

Question 10

intraspecies comparisons of metabolic rates

Answer 10

age, sex, health, food intake, activity level, environment, season, circadian

Question 11

interspecies comparisons of metabolic rates

Answer 11

as species increases, metabolic rate decreases
-implications: heart rate and breathing rate, chemicals (toxins and meds-small animals consume more faster), environ. impact