EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS Flashcards
What is a good basic definition of criminal behavior?
HINT: BREAKING THE LAW
-Must be INTENTIONAL
-Must VIOLATE THE LAW
-Determined BY A PERSON TO BE HARMFUL AND/OR DANGEROUS
-Must have CONSEQUENCES
WHO DEFINES SOMETHING IS CRIMINAL? AND HOW?
Congress and state legislators.
They are banned by authorities and made punishable by law.
Each state defines what is criminal code.
Name the 2 parts of the brain that are IMPORTANT:
Limbic System & Pre-Frontal Cortex
What are they? What do they do?
(Regarding behavior)
*Limbic system is: (center) part of the brain
1. It controls survival instincts and behavioral emotional responses. Basic human needs.
2. Fear, pleasure, hunger, sex
*Pre-Frontal Cortex: Frontal Lobe (Forehead)
PERSONALITY CENTER
1. Regulates thoughts, emotions, and actions.
2. Reasoning impulse control and decision-making
-Executive Functioning: it controls speech
What are the major limitations of official crime statistics?
(DARK FIGURE OF CRIME) & THE “CLEARANCE RATE”
THE UCR= The FBI compiled this
**UCR arrests reported by police
**Reports of cases that are cleared/closed
=THIS IS CALLED THE “CLEARANCE RATE”
Federal agencies do not report
NCVS= National Crime Victimization Survey
Crimes not reported, like Domestic Violence
Minorities are not represented
What is Use-Dependence & neurons? What does it do?
The brain is not a single system. It is an interconnected
w/many intereactive systems
- Use-dependency= You automatically keep using the function and it builds up
EX: You learn how to drive and it becomes a second nature - It is “use it or lose it”- If you don’t use a part of your brain, it loses it’s function purpose
- Neurons need to be used to function properly
Which crime is most frequently REPORTED to police?
HINT: Which crime is the most LIKELY to be reported to police?
Aggravated assault
Robbery
What PERCENTAGE of calories (ENERGY) is devoted to FEEDING your brain?
25%
What has been the general trend for crime in the past 20 years?
HINT: Trend for property and violent crime?
Has it gone up or down?
THE REASON: DRUGS!!
AND SOCIO ECONOMIC re: propertry
Violent crime has gone DOWN from the 90’s
What is neuroplasticity? (Otherwise known as Plasticity)
The ability of the brain to CHANGE and DEVELOP NEW NEURAL CONNECTIONS throughout life.
It means to be changeable or moldable.
It means for the ability for the brain to adapt
What does Teratogen refer to?
Chemicals or substances that can interfere with the process of development
OF A FETUS IN THE WOMB
For Example: ALCOHOL, ARSENIC, RADIATION EXPOSURE
-It causes injuries/insult-means it is a malformation of the brain
What is a basic definition (description) of an Antisocial Behavior?
Actions by which are considered to violate rights of others
or otherwise harm others by committing crime or nuisance.
Clinical term reserved for serious habitual behavior, especially that involving direct harm to others.
What impacts of substances have on a fetus?
Which one is the most impactful?
ALCOHOL!
Name which parts of the baby get messed up by alcohol
Lead
& Teratogens
What is (Pruning) Apoptosis? CELLULAR DEATH!
It is the removal of unused synapses
Cellular death!
It is the removal of unused synapses
It makes the brain more efficient
As much as 1% “loss” each year
Basic definition of temperament
-What are the characteristics?
“Fabiola is genetically grouchy because ppl are rude”
Attitude, mood, interaction style, method of relation-perceivable from infancy.
-It is from genetics and biology
Characteristics: How we intersect with others and how they treat us.
What is the SINGLE MOST INFLUENTIAL and CONTROLLABLE FACTOR associated with crime?
SUBSTANCES ABUSE!
Specially ALCOHOL!
What is the relationship between poverty and crime?
Socio econimic Status
-Inadequate schools
-Inequities in resources
- Discrimination, racism,
-Unsafe living conditions
-Unemployment
-Neighborhood violence
What is the (BBB) Blood Brain Barrier?
What is able to cross it?
BBB is a tight capillary wall that keeps small molecules out.
GLUCOSE SUGAR CAN CROSS IT!
SUGAR/GLUCOSE SHRIVER the endothelial cells allowing larger molecules in.
What is the relationship between ADHD and Conduct Disorder?
Low IQ
Low Cognition-Application of logic
Language deficiencies
What is an MRI? (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
How does it work?
“ MRI is magnetic! Let’s do surgery!”
3D Imaging:
It uses superconductive magnets which align with/all hydrogens in the body w/magnetic field
It also eliminates radioactive isotopes
Perfect for measurements. Used for surgeries!
Diagnosing :
Strokes
Tumors
Malformations
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
What is FMRI? (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
How does it work?
“Functional, move for me, blood flow, show dysfunction”
Same as MRI BUT:
1. They ask the person to do stuff while being scanned
2. Indicates the dysfunctions in the brain
3. Blood flow is measured to create image
What is an PET Scan? (Positron Emission Tomography
How does it work?
“ Remy’s brain eats sugar! Localizing Dysfunction. She can’t find her bone”
**It measures where your brain is metabolizing Glucose!
- Ideal for LOCALIZING DYSFUNCTION
- You see where the brain is being stimulated!
Ex: Pedophile looking at porn of children and getting aroused. Addiction is seen.
3. Less Glucose, Less Activity
What is an EEG? (Electro Encephalopathy Gram)
How does it work?
“ Electrode Brain waves show me functions!”
- It measures BRAIN WAVES!
SHOWS FUNCTION - A network of Electrodes to measure brain activity
Poor diagnostic means psychological dysfunction
What is ADHD? (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Brain is understimulated.
Inattention: Easily Distracted
Impulsivity
Excess motor activity: Fidgets a lot
ADD/ADHD: 7 types
What is the Conduct Disorder?
“Conduct-Illogical 3 yr old angry child misbehaving”
ILLOGICAL & Persistent misbehavior
-Can be diagnosed as young as 3yrs old
▫ Stealing, cruelty to others, fighting, lying
• Catch-all category
• Signs may occur as early as age three • Often mislabeled
▫ Learning disability or ADHD
• Associated with peer rejection
NOT LOGIC: Positivist Criminology: (LOMBROSSO)
“Lombrosso was born positive but not logical because of genetics”
***NOT FROM LOGIC
-Crime is INHERITABLE & PREDETERMINED
(The criminal behavior is from influence of their social environment, deviant peers, and lack of empathy)
“Lombrosso was born positive but not genetically logical”
Classical Criminology (BECCARIA)
“BECCARIA listens to classical music and he has free will”
Classical Criminology **BECCARIA
**CRIME IS LOGICAL & RATIONAL
*AND BASED ON FREE WILL
-Decision to violate law is choice
-Premised on hedonism (self-centered, deserving)
