CH2 PP2 Lecture Notes Intro To Theories & Behavior Flashcards
Maladaptive Definition
Bad thing for the person or someone else
It means distressing to oneself or could be to someone else
Criminal Behavior Definition
-Must be intentional
-Must violate the law
-Determined by a person to be harmful or dangerous
-Must have consequences
Testable Through Scientific Methodology
-Can be observed
• Can be measured
• Can be analyzed
• Can be replicated
• Can be communicated
***Classical Theory: (Bentham & Beccarria)
-Crime is logical, rational
-Based on free will
-Decision to violate law is choice
-Premised on hedonism
***Positivist Theory (Lombroso) NOT FROM LOGIC
-YOU ARE BORN A CRIMINAL
-Crime is heritable, predetermined
-Crime is chosen by default, but NOT from logic
-Determinism
-Criminal behavior happens in the absence of social controls
=Lombroso also believed that abnormal physical/genetic features, made you a criminal
Hedonism Definition
Propensity to Approach pleasure and avoid pain
Propensity definition: natural tendency
Eugenics Movement
-Kill anyone who looks weird with abnormal genes
Phrenology Definition
Measurements of the head & it meant how much of a criminal you were back in the day
***Conformity Perspective: PPL ARE BORN GOOD
People are born “good”
-We Want to live up to their potential
-Influenced by society’s attitudes and values
Example: Strain theory (Merton)
Crime occurs when a person perceives a
discrepancy between goals and prosocial means to
achieve goals.
***Strain Theory: (Merton)
Crime occurs when a person perceives a
discrepancy between goals and prosocial means to
achieve goals.
***Nonconformist Perspective: PPL ARE BORN EVIL
People are born “evil”
- Unruly and undisciplined
- Selfish, self-serving, hedonistic
-Need rules and regulations to keep them in check
***Social control Theory (Hirschi)-Healthy bonds with people-Important
Good bonds matter to a person to avoid crime!
-Crime occurs when one’s ties to standards are weak or Nonexistent
Ex: Teen loves grandma and she goes to church. He follows beliefs and faith.
This avoids him to become a criminal.
=
A,C,I,B
Attchment
Commitment
Involvemnt
Belief
***Learning Perspective: Behavior & beliefs come from environment
People learn to be “good”
or “evil”
- Behavior and beliefs come
from, and respond to the
environment.
**Social Learning Theory: (Bandura)
HUMANS MIMIC POWER OF WHO THEY SEE WITH POWER
Ex: Boba the clown
Kids mimicked the adult punching the Bop it Boba the Clown
They learned from the adult
**Differential association
(Edmund Sutherland)
Sutherland’s 7 steps to a better criminal you
Crime is learned!
*Crime is learned through a process of meaningful communications of others who are important to you.
***Developmental Perspective
It is a theory that seeks to discover if a criminal behavior can be a product of physiological development or the environment.
Trajectory of Criminal Behavior
Risk Factors are Either:
Protective Factors OR Risk Factors
Protective things in his life
Or things that are rick factors and are bad=leads them to commit crime
THIS CAN BE DISPOSITIONS OR BIOLOGICAL
*** Sociological Criminology
-How are groups of people of demographic and
group variables to crime
-Focuses on groups and society as a whole and
how they influence criminal activity (Marx)
*** Conflict Theory: (Sociological Criminology)
-There’s always going to crime because there is an imbalance in society
- Racial disparity
-Unemployment
-Poverty
**Psychological Criminology
-The science of the behavior and psychobiological processes of the person who commits a crime
-Focuses on how individual criminal behavior is acquired, evoked, maintained and modified
=Offender personality
=Offender behavior
Psychiatric Criminology
-Traditionally followed psychoanalytic tradition
-Contemporary is more diverse and research based
-Education differences
=MD or DO as opposed to Ph.D. Psy.D. or Ed.D
Psychology, Psychobiological, Sociology
Psychology: Interested how an individual experiences the environment
Psychobiological process: Is what yields a person’s behavior of an individual who comits crime.
Sociology: is interested in how everyone interacts with everyone
