CH 3 PP4 Crim Behavior: Bio And Neurological

Question 1

Neurotransmitters

Answer 1

Biochemicals directly involved in the transmission of neural impulses and without which communication would not be possible.

Question 2

Serotonin

Answer 2

A neurotransmitter in the nervous system that usually prompts the activity of neurons.

Question 3

Biopsychologists

Answer 3

Psychologists who study the biological aspects of behavior to determine which genetic and neurobiological variables play a part, and to what extent. They generally see human behavior as the result of a complex interaction between the individual’s neuropsychological makeup and the social environment.

Question 4

Self-regulation

Answer 4

The ability to control one’s behavior in accordance with internal cognitive standards.

Question 5

Executive function

Answer 5

Higher-order mental abilities involved in goal-directed behavior. They include organizing behavior, memory, inhibition processes, and planning strategies.

Question 6

Neuroplasticity

Answer 6

The ability of the brain to change and develop new neural connections throughout life.

Question 7

Behavior genetics

Answer 7

Examines the role genes play in the formation and development of behavior. Distinguishes genetic from environmental influences.

Question 8

Molecular genetics

Answer 8

Studies the structure and function of genes at the molecular level.

Question 9

Fraternal twins

Answer 9

Twins who develop from two different fertilized eggs; also call dizygotic twins

Question 10

Identical twins

Answer 10

Twins who develop from a single egg and share the same genes; also called monozygotic twins.

Question 11

Shared environment

Answer 11

An important concept in twin studies, this refers to the prenatal and life experiences that are common to both twins, such as being raised by the same biological parents.

Question 12

Nonshared environments

Answer 12

An important concept in twin studies, this refers to the living experiences that are different for each twin, such as being raised by different parents.

Question 13

Twins: Concordance

Answer 13

—Degree to which twin pairs show to have the same trait

Ex: Both twins decide to nave the same hair style
The 2 twins like the same stuff
They have a higher level of crime rates together.

A term used in genetics to represent the degree to which related pairs of subjects both show a particular behavior or condition.
It is usually expressed in percentages.

Question 14

Twins’ Early Development Study (TEDS)

Answer 14

Ongoing study of twins examining behavior and cognitions from early childhood through adolescence.

Question 15

MAOA and MAOA-L gene

Answer 15

Gene that is believed to play an instrumental role in antisocial behavior, either preventing it or—in low form—contributing to such behavior.

Question 16

Psychophysiology

Answer 16

The study of the dynamic interactions between behavior and the autonomic nervous system.

Question 17

Amygdala

Answer 17

Part of brain that regulates fear and other emotional responses.

Question 18

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

Answer 18

Broad term for a continuum of conditions that result from alcohol exposure in utero.

Question 19

Fraternal twins

Answer 19

Fraternal twins
Twins who develop from two different fertilized eggs; also call dizygotic twins.

Question 20

Identical twins

Answer 20

Twins who develop from a single egg and share the same genes; also called monozygotic twins.

Question 21

Molecules Genetics: MAOA and MAOA-L gene
The Warrior Gene

Answer 21

Gene that is believed to play an instrumental role in antisocial behavior,
either preventing it or
—in low form—contributing to such behavior.
Provocation!!
Serotonin is an activator in the brain

Question 22

MAOA and MAOA-L gene

Answer 22

Gene that is believed to play an instrumental role in antisocial behavior, either preventing it or—in low form—contributing to such behavior.

Question 23

Behavior genetics

Answer 23

Examines the role genes play in the formation and development of behavior. Distinguishes genetic from environmental influences.

Question 24

Molecular genetics

Answer 24

Studies the structure and function of genes at the molecular level.

Question 25

Psychophysiology

Answer 25

The study of the dynamic interactions between behavior and the autonomic nervous system.

Question 26

Temperament

Answer 26

A natural mood disposition determined largely by genetic and biological influences.

Question 27

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Answer 27

Injury to the brain occurring either in utero, during birth, or at any time in a person’s life and having a significant effect on functioning. Sometimes used as an excusing or mitigating condition for violent behavior.

Question 28

**What is Apoptosis (Pruning)?

Answer 28

IT MEANS PLANNED CECULAR DEATH!
Pruning (Apoptosis)= The removal of unused synapses. This makes the brain more efficient. It does not go on overdrive. We have as much as 1% “loss” each year

Question 29

What does Plasticity need?

Answer 29

needs stimuli of the brain.
Ex: You learn how to play an instrument

Question 30

What does Neuroplasticity mean?

Answer 30

it means to be changeable or moldable. It means for the ability for the brain to adapt

Question 31

Virus that can get into the brain

Answer 31

MENGINGITUS

Question 32

What is a Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)?

Answer 32

It is a tight capillary walls that keep small molecules out

Question 33

What is the name of the sugar the brain needs? What does Glucose do?

Answer 33

Glucose!
-A 3rd of all the calories that go to your brain are devoted are just for maintaining the brain at a resting steady state

-Sugars can “shrivel” the endothelial cells allowing the larger molecules in

-25% of all calories consumed are devoted to the brain

Question 34

What is an EEG good at & not good at?

Answer 34

EEG-Measures the activity of the brain but NOT where the activity is at

EEG-Is good at location vs resolution

Question 35

What is PET ( Positron Emission Tomography) ?

Answer 35

**-they are ideal for localysing dysfunction,

measures where glucose is being metabolized
-Where in the brain things are working

-they are ideal for localysing dysfunction,
addiction,
glucose consumption,
And decreased glucose metabolism

Question 36

What are MRI’s good for?

Answer 36

ARE GOOD FOR MEASUREMENTS!

Question 37

Twin studies: Dizygotic twins

Answer 37

• Fraternal -
  2 different eggs
  -genetically as different as non twin siblings

Question 38

Identical Twins: Monozygotic

Answer 38

-identical
-same egg
-share same genes

Question 39

Twins: genetics = *Genotype!

Answer 39

Genes, chromosomes and shit

Question 40

Twin: genetics: **Phenotype

Answer 40

Traits
Behaviors
Eye color

Question 41

Twins: shared environment

Answer 41

Anything in the environment that is shared by both Twins
Not both twins will have the same perspective
It has the least amount by adulthood

Question 42

Twins: non shared environment

Answer 42

Interests and activities even friendships
Influences often increase with age, especially when child leaves home

Question 43

Adoption studies

Answer 43

Genes may not directly influence behavior but influence one’s
Self perception of the world

Question 44

Genes: Aneuploidy: XYY Genotype (Super man)

Answer 44

Addition or detain of chromosomes
Thought to alter lambic and endocrine system functioning
Some studies and usual height, aggression episodes of violence

Ex: famous killers like John Wayne Gracie

Question 45

Importance of the Lymbic System

Answer 45

: Our behavior and we cannot control it.
Ex: I must eat right now!